OBJECTIVE: To review research progress of the relation between growth factor and repair of intervertebral disc. METHODS: The recent articles on growth factor and repair of intervertebral disc were extensively reviewed. The expression of growth factor in intervertebral disc and the effect of growth factor on disc cells were investigated. RESULTS: Some growth factors play roles in the development and degeneration of intervertebral disc. Exogenous growth factor can increase proliferation of disc cells and production of proteoglycans and collagens. Gene of growth factor can be transferred to intervertebral disc cell by adenovirus. CONCLUSION: Growth factor plays an important role in the regulation of development and degeneration of interertebral disc. The above results show that the feasibility of usage of growth factor in the treatment of disc degeneration and in repair and reconstruction of disc.
Objective To study the relationship between insulinase activity of erythrocytes(EIA)and diabetic retinopathy(DR)in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients． Methods EIA,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting plasma insulin (FINS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were determined in 55 healthy controls,42 NIDDM patients with DR and 44 NIDDM patients without DR． Results EIA was lower,disease duration was longer,and FPG and HbA1c were higher in NIDDA patients with DR.EIA was decreased,duration of NIDDM was lengthened,FPG and HbA1c were increased in NIDDM patients with proliferative DR as compared with NIDDM patients with background DR．The correlation analysis showed,in NIDDM patients with DR,EIA was inversely correlated with FPG,HbA1c and duration of NIDDM． Conclusion Insulinase may play certain role in the onset and development of DR． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:132-134)
OBJECTIVE To prevent early closure of growth plate and developmental deformities of limbs by allografts of cultured cartilages into growth plate defects of rabbits. METHODS Chondrocytes isolated from articular cartilage of 1-month rabbits formed cartilage after cultivation in centrifuge tubes. The cartilages cultured for two weeks were implanted into growth plate defects of proximal tibiae of 6-weeks rabbits. At 4th and 16th weeks, X-ray, histologic and immunohistochemical examination were performed. RESULTS The tibiae had no marked deformities after 4 weeks of operation. Histologic examinations showed that the defects were filled with cartilage. Immunohistochemical results of type II collagen were positive. The tibiae with allografts of cultured cartilages had no evident deformities after 16 weeks of operation. Histologic examination showed nearly closure of growth plates. On the contrary, the tibiae on control side formed severe deformities and growth plate were closed. CONCLUSION Allograft of cultured cartilages into growth plate defects may replace lost growth plate tissues, maintain normal growth of limbs and prevent developmental deformity.
Objective To investigate the effect of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) on the expression of growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and gl ial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods A total of 150 adult female SD rats, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into ChABC treatment group (group A), sal ine treatment group (group B), and sham operation group (group C) with 50 rats in each group. In groups A and B, the rats were made the SCI models and were treated by subarachnoid injection of ChABC and sal ine; in group C, the rats were not treated as a control. At 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after operation, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score system was used toevaluate the motion function, and immunofluorescent histochemical staining was used to observe the expressions of GAP-43 and GFAP. Results At different time points, the BBB scores of groups A and B were significantly lower than those of group C (P lt; 0.05); there was no significant difference in BBB score between groups A and B after 1, 3, and 7 days of operation (P gt; 0.05), but the BBB score of group A was significantly higher than that of group B after 14 and 21 days of operation (P lt; 0.01). At different time points, the GAP-43 and GFAP positive neurons of groups A and B were significantly higher than those of group C (P lt; 0.05). After 14 and 21 days of operation, the GAP-43 positive neurons of group A were more than those of group B (P lt; 0.01). After 7, 14, and 21 days of operation, the GFAP positive neurons of group A were significantly less than those of group B (P lt; 0.01). Conclusion ChABC can degrade gl ial scar, improve the microenvironment of the injured region and enhance the expression of GAP-43, which promotes axonal growth and extension.
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of growth factors on intestinal compensation after massive intestinal resection， and understand the progress of growth factors in nutrition support treatment for short bowel syndrome （SBS）. Method The related literatures about the application and effect of growth factors in the patients with SBS were reviewed. Results Different kinds of growth factors had different effects on intestinal adaptation after massive intestinal resection. The application of growth factors according to the specific circumstances of the patients with SBS could shorten the residual small intestine compensatory time and improve the nutrition status of the patient with SBS. Conclusions Growth factors play important role in promoting the intestinal adaptation after resection. Different kinds of growth factors have their effects and it’s helpful for getting rid of the total parenteral nutrition early. However， much work still remains to be done.
Objective To review the research progress of the current methods of inducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to chondrogenic differentiation in vitro so as to provide references for researches in cartilage tissue engineering. Methods Various methods of inducing BMSCs differentiation into the chondrogenic l ineage in vitro inrecent years were extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results Adding exogenous growth factors is still the mainly methodof inducing BMSCs differentiation into the chondrogenic l ineage; among the members, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family is recognized as the most important chondrogenic induction factor. Other important inducing factors include various chemical factors, physical factors, transgenic methods, and the microenvironmental induction. But the problems of low inducing efficiency and unstable inducing effects still exist. Conclusion The progress of chondrogenic induction of BMSCs promotes its util ization in cartilage tissue engineering. Further researches are needed for establ ishing more efficient, simpler, and safer inducing methods.
Objective To summarize the research progress of controlled release of angiogenic factors and osteogenic factors in bone tissue engineering. Methods The domestic and abroad literature on the controlled release structure of growth factors during bone regeneration in recent years was extensively reviewed and summarized. Results The sustained-release structure includes direct binding, microsphere-three-dimensional scaffold structure, core-shell structure, layer self-assembly, hydrogel, and gene carrier. A sustained-release system composed of different sustained-release structures combined with different growth factors can promote bone regeneration and angiogenesis. Conclusion Due to its controllability and persistence, the growth factor sustained-release system has become a research hotspot in bone tissue engineering and has broad application prospects.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the effects of glutamine (Gln) combined with growth hormone （GH） on the levels of cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6), coritsol and amino acid metabolism in septic rats. Methods Ten out of 79 SD rats were randomly collected as the control group. Thirty of 69 septic SD rats, which were made by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) method and were given parenteral nutrition (PN) lived to day 6. They were also randomly divided into three groups as follows: septic group (n=10), parenteral supplemented glutamine group (Gln group, n=10), and Gln combined with GH (Gln+GH group, n=10). On the 6th day, blood drew from portal veins of the dead rats was used to detect the levels of TNF-α， IL-1， IL-6 and cortisol by ELISA. The plasma concentrations of free amino acids were determined by amino acid auto-analyzer. The muscle tissue of extensor digitorum longus was used to determine 3-methyl-histidine (3-MH) by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC). Results Except for the control group, most rats developed celiac abscess, hepatic abscess and pulmonary infection. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and cortisol were significantly higher in the septic group than those of the other three groups, and they were significantly lower in the Gln+GH group than those of the Gln group, P＜0.05. Compared with the other three groups, the concentration of total amino acid in the septic group increased more, among which the glutamine and the branched chain amino acids were prominent. Most of concentrations of the amino acids decreased in the Gln group and the Gln+GH group, and the decreased amplitude of the Gln+GH group was larger, P＜0.05, albeit its level of Gln markedly increased. The concentration of 3-MH in muscle tissue was the highest in septic group, and it was significantly higher in the Gln group than that of the Gln+GH group, P＜0.01. ConclusionIt may be necessary to supplement GH combined with Gln as the content of PN to decrease cytokine levels and im-prove amino acid metabolism for septic case.
Objective To review research progress of corneal tissueengineering.Methods The recent articles on corneal tissue engineering focus on source and selection of corneal cells, the effects of growth factors on culture of corneal cells in vitro. The preparation and selection of three-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds and their b and weak points were discussed. Results The corneal tissue engineering cells come from normal human corneal cells. The embryo corneal cell was excellent. Several kinds of growth factors play important roles in culture, growth and proliferation of corneal cell, and incroporated into matrix.Growth factors including basic fibroblast growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor β1 and epidermal growth factor was favor to corneal cell. Collagen, chitosan and glycosaninoglycans were chosen as biomaterial scaffolds. Conclusion Human tissue engineering cornea can be reconstructed and transplanted. It has good tissue compatibility and can be used as human corneal equivalents.
OBJECTIVE To investigate possibility of cartilage cultured in centrifuge tube as graft materials. METHODS: Articular chondrocytes isolated from a 3-week-old rabbit formed cartilage after cultivation for 2 weeks. Articular cartilage of humeral head, growth plate of proximal tibia and meniscus were collected from a 6-week-old rabbit. The ultrastructure of chondrocytes and extracellular matrix in the three kinds of cartilages and cultured cartilage were observed by transmission electronic microscopy. RESULTS: Cartilage cultured in centrifuge tube possessed unique ultrastructure and was similar to articular cartilage and growth plate, but it was markedly different from meniscus. The four kinds of cartilages were characteristic of respectively different chondrocytes and extracellular matrix. Cultured cartilage showed typical apoptosis of chondrocytes and "dark chondrocytes" appeared in growth plate. Condrocyte apoptosis was not seen in articular cartilage and meniscus. CONCLUSION: Cartilage cultured in centrifuge tube has unique ultrastructure and may be used as graft materials for articular cartilage and growth plate.