Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the common chronic airway disorders, which accounts for the third to fourth cause of death worldwide. Recently, the focuses of researches are on the multi-factorial risks for development of COPD, mechanisms related to COPD development, early detection and early intervention of COPD, individualized use of long-term maintenance medications as well as phenotypes of acute exacerbation of COPD and their corresponding management. There are huge amount of COPD patients with variety of risk factors or different phenotypes in China, which makes it possible to establish a network for cohort study or real life registration study of COPD. The results will provide new information on the characteristics of COPD in China. Individualized treatment could be recommended according to the phenotypes or endotypes information. All these new findings or progresses could provide impetus for improvement of the ability of research and clinical management of COPD to the worldwide top level.
ObjectiveTo explore the application of three-dimensional (3-D) printing technique in repair and reconstruction of maxillofacial bone defect. MethodsThe related literature on the recent advance in the application of 3-D printing technique for repair and reconstructing maxillofacial bone defect was reviewed and summarized in the following aspects:3-D models for teaching, preoperative planning, and practicing; surgical templates for accurate positioning during operation; individual implantable prosthetics for repair and reconstructing the maxillofacial bone defect. Results3-D printing technique is profoundly affecting the treatment level in repair and reconstruction of maxillofacial bone defect. Conclusion3-D printing technique will promote the development of the repair and reconstructing maxillofacial bone defect toward more accurate, personalized, and safer surgery.
The iodine-125 (125I) seeds interstitial implantation has the advantages of minimal invasiveness, high local control rate, and few complications; it has attracted worldwide attention. With the application of 3D printing technology in medicine, individualized 3D templates are gradually applied to clinical practice. Individualized 3D templates combining with CT-guided 125I seeds implantation are easy to operate and can not only effectively ensure the consistency and accuracy of preoperative and postoperative dose, but also minimize complications to achieve optimal efficacy. This paper reviews the application of CT-guided implantation of 125I seeds for malignant tumors assisted by individualized 3D template, and further demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of clinical application in 125I seeds implantation to provide a reliable basis for the standardization of 125I seeds implantation.
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of individualized health education prescription on glycemic control in out-patients with diabetes. MethodBetween January and May 2014, seventy-three out-patients with diabetes were given individualized health education prescription for 6 months. The we observed the change of HbA1c level, HbA1c standard rate and medication compliance of the patients. ResultsBefore the use of individualized health education prescription, HbA1c was (8.10±1.86)%, and HbA1c was (6.55±1.26)% after the intervention (P<0.001). HbA1c standard rate (72.6%) and medication compliance (the number of patients with high, medium, and poor compliance was 36, 27, and 10, respectively) after the intervention were both significantly better than those before (16.4%; 12, 42, and 19) the intervention (P<0.001). ConclusionsEducation prescription is effective in the management of blood glucose for patients with diabetes.
During transfer tasks, the dual-arm nursing-care robot require a human-robot mechanics model to determine the balance region to support the patient safely and stably. Previous studies utilized human-robot two-dimensional static equilibrium models, ignoring the human body volume and muscle torques, which decreased model accuracy and confined the robot ability to adjust the patient’s posture in three-dimensional spatial. Therefore, this study proposes a three-dimensional spatial mechanics modeling method based on individualized human musculoskeletal multibody dynamics. Firstly, based on the mechanical features of dual-arm support, this study constructed a foundational three-dimensional human-robot mechanics model including body posture, contact position and body force. With the computed tomography data from subjects, a three-dimensional femur-pelvis-sacrum model was reconstructed, and the individualized musculoskeletal dynamics was analyzed using the ergonomics software, which derived the human joint forces and completed the mechanic model. Then, this study established a dual-arm robot transfer platform to conduct subject transfer experiments, showing that the constructed mechanics model possessed higher accuracy than previous methods. In summary, this study provides a three-dimensional human-robot mechanics model adapting to individual transfers, which has potential application in various scenarios such as nursing-care and rehabilitating robots.
ObjectiveTo explore the clinical phenotype of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by cluster analysis and provide a basis for individualized treatment.MethodsA total of 515 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD admitted to this department from January 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled. The age, duration, smoking index, number of hospitalizations in the past 1 year, hospitalization days, treatment costs and other information were collected for cluster analysis.ResultsThe patients were divided into three categories of phenotype: " mild-glucocorticoid resistance-antibiotic dependent”," mild-glucocorticoid sensitive”, and " serious complication”. The patients with the first two phenotypes had a milder condition and lower hospitalization costs. There were differences in the time and cumulative dose of glucocorticoids in different pathways, antibiotic use time and usage rate. The third phenotype was the most serious, with the highest cost of hospitalization, and may merge or co-exist with other diseases such as cardiovascular disease and digestive tract disease.ConclusionCluster analysis may identify different phenotypes of acute exacerbation of COPD to provide a reference for clinical individualized treatment.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of multiple minimally invasive therapy and individualized treatments combination in severe acute pancreatitis. Methods The data of sixty-seven patients with severe acute pancreatitis between September 1998 and October 2008 undergoing multiple minimally invasive therapy and individualized treatments were analyzed retrospectively. The changes of APACHE Ⅱ score, CT score, WBC count, total bilirubin, AST, blood glucose, amylase, lypase, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) were observed and compared between before and after treatment. Time of abdominal pain relieved, laparotomy rate, mortality rate, recovery rate, hospital stay, and cost of hospitalization were also observed. Results All the detected indexes improved significantly after treatments compared with those before treatments （Plt;0.001）. Time of abdominal pain relieved was (20.17±14.16) h. Laparotomy rate was 6.0% （4/67）. Mortality rate was 7.5% （5/67）. Recovery rate was 92.5% （62/67）. Hospital stay was (30.85±28.37) d and cost of hospitalization was (59 295.78±34 564.44) yuan. Conclusions Multiple minimally invasive therapy and individualized treatments for cases of severe acute pancreatitis with different causes, course, severity of disease, and complications, could significantly improve the clinical indexes and recovery rate of severe acute pancreatitis.
To aim directly at the individualized character and tendency about clinical assessment of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), we draw off a new pathway which is evidence-based goal attainment scale(EBGAS) in the text. i.e., we will develop clinical individualized assessment method of TCM on account of GAS by the approach of evidence based medicine.
Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and therapy response of some conventional chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer, and to explore the value of SNP in guiding individualized treatment. Methods Pub-Medline and Chinese CHKD periodical electronic databases were searched. Representative researches in this field were sorted out and concluded. Results Varied genes related to drug metabolism have SNP phenomenon, which are closely associated with interindividual diversity in drug response. Race, section, environment, and drug-drug or gene-gene interactions may have effect on the association.Conclusion The study on SNP has important application prospect in optimizing the individual drug-delivery. However, the combinatorial analyses of multi-SNPs and multi-genes and the prospective studies with large-scale samples and random controls are still needed.
ObjectiveTo summarize the latest research development of the application of digital design and three-dimensional (3-D) printing technique on individualized medical treatment. MethodsRecent research data and clinical literature about the application of digital design and 3-D printing technique on individualized medical treatment in Xi'an Jiaotong University and its cooperation unit were summarized, reviewed, and analyzed. ResultsDigital design and 3-D printing technique can design and manufacture individualized implant based on the patient's specific disease conditions. And the implant can satisfy the needs of specific shape and function of the patient, reducing dependence on the level of experience required for the doctor. So 3-D printing technique get more and more recognition of the surgeon on the individualized repair of human tissue. Xi'an Jiaotong University is the first unit to develop the commercial 3-D printer and conduct depth research on the design and manufacture of individualized medical implant. And complete technological processes and quality standards of product have been developed. ConclusionThe individualized medical implant manufactured by 3-D printing technique can not only achieve personalized match but also meet the functional requirements and aesthetic requirements of patients. In addition, the individualized medical implant has the advantages of accurate positioning, stable connection, and high strength. So 3-D printing technique has broad prospects in the manufacture and application of individualized implant.