Objective To investigate the incidence of urolithiasis in infants aged 0-3 years old fed by milk powder tainted with melamine in the middle area of the Anhui province, as well as its relationship to gender, age, milk powder consumption and drinking water. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to 1079 infants who were screened for urolithiasis by ultrasound examination from September 25, 2008 to October 17, 2008. Data was collected by Epidata and analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results A total of 646 (59.87%) male infants and 433 (40.13%) female infants underwent ultrasound examination in Anhui Provincial Hospital. Of these, 86 infants were diagnosed with urolithiasis with an incidence of 7.97%, including 62 males (72.09%) and 24 females (27.91%). The mean age of those infants with urolithiasis was 1.85±0.77, and all of calculus was located in kidney. The relationship between the incidence of urolithiasis and gender, age, drinking water, feeding bottle sanitation, birth status, as well as the amount of milk powder intake was assessed by using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results showed that significant differences were noted in the incidence of urolithiasis among infants of different genders or with different drinking water sources (Plt;0.05). The result of multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that gender was related to the incidence of urolithiasis (Plt;0.05). The incidence of urolithiasis in female infants was only 58.7% of that in male infants (OR 0.587, 95%CI 0.359 to 0.959). Conclusion The incidence of urolithiasis in infants aged 0-3 years of old in the middle area of Anhui province is relatively high and has anatomical specificity. Further data during the follow-up of these cases should be collected.
Objective To provide references for the rational allocation of health personnel in rural hospitals through understanding the status of health human resources of rural hospitals in remote and poor areas of Sichuan Province. Methodes This study used cluster sampling method, combined with questionnaire survey and qualitative interviews. A total of 711 health workers of 29 rural hospitals in Pengzhou and Baoxing of Sichuan Province were interviewed. SPSS16.0 was used for descriptive analysis.Results The average age of rural hospitals health personnel in remote and poor areas of Sichuan Province was 30 years old. Post-secondary education accounted for 58.12%, and Bachelor degree or above accounted for 7.2%. The number of medium and senior professional titles account for 8.4 %. The ratio of doctors to nurses was 1:0.55. In the survey of health workers, those doctors with practice (assistant) license accounted for 38.5%, and those without any qualification occupied 27.1 %. Conclusions The professional titles of medical personnel of rural hospitals in remote and poor areas in Sichuan province are generally low. The distribution of professional categories is irrational. The staff in charge of prevention and care are inadequate. There exist a large number of unqualified medical workers. Therefore, the government should increase the investment in rural health and take measures to stabilize the team structure, introduce the talented, and strengthen the training for health personnel of rural hospitals to improve their overall quality.
In 1984, according to the criteria of the classifieation for congenital hand deformity which wasput out by the International Hand Surgery Committee, we had made an investigation for congenitalhand deformity among 318066 newborns in Shanghai. It was found that the inctdence of a congenitalhand malformation was 0. 0808 percent among the total newborns. The congenital malformation ofthe thumb was 37. 74 percent of all deformities of the hand. According to the statistical analysis, we ...
Objective To learn the current status, publication standards, formats, and contents of medical advertisements published in journals in China, and to discuss the possibility of evidence-based evaluation and standards for advertisement publication. Methods We handsearched Issue One, 2008 of 222 core medical journals indexed by A Guide to the Core Journals of China (2004 version) and the most important databases to index top 20% academic journals to identify basic journal information and the content of their advertisements. The general and trade name of the drugs, and the advertisements and production license number of the drugs and devices were collected. We used EXCEL software for data input and SPSS 13.0 for statistical analyses. Results Two-hundred and eighteen journals were handsearched and evaluated. The other 4 journals were excluded because the print version could not be found. A total of 1,201 advertisements were published in 159 (72.9%) of the journals, with the average of 5.5 (range of 1-37) for each journal. Of the advertisements, 910 (75.8%) were related to medical drugs or devices, including 598 (49.8%) drug and 312 (26.0%) medical device advertisements. Most of them were published in clinical and special medical journals. There were 518 (86.6%) drug advertisements which had both advertisement license and production license number, but only 116 (36.1%) medical device advertisements stated the advertisement license and production license number. Conclusion The medical drug advertisements published in core medical journals in China lack sufficient publication standards, and medical device advertisements are even worse. We cannot conclude the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of advertisement production according to the current limited, unclear, and highly-commercialized advertisements.
With the increasing popularity of smart phones, the electronic test of clinical trials has become a common means of investigation research. The APP of REDCap system can quickly construct a multi-center questionnaire system and obtain a large quantity of reliable and complete questionnaire data, shortening the cost and cycle of research. This paper primarily introduces how to conduct research on electronic questionnaire based on mobile APPs of REDCap system.
ObjectiveTo understand the self management status of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). MethodsSixty inpatients and outpatients with AS in the Department of Rheumatology between December 2011 and December 2012 were selected as the study subjects by judgment sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was used for investigation. ResultsThe self-management skills of 10.0% of the patients were poor, 78.3% were moderate and 11.7% were fine. The self-management skills of functional training and keeping healthy lifestyle were relatively poor. The factors with a score from the highest to the lowest were:the mental self-management, symptom management, keeping healthy lifestyle, and the self-management of functional training. ConclusionsThe self-management skills of patients with ankylosing spondylitis range from moderate to relatively poor. Our results suggest that cultural factors and the course of disease may be the main influence factors for self-management skills of patients. Clinical medical personnel should know the situation of patients sufficiently, improve the processes of health education and take corresponding intervention measures to the lack of self management ability. By the above ways, we can improve the compliance obedience and the self-management skills of patients, then the patients' condition and living quality will be greatly improved.
ObjectiveTo investigate the evening outpatient service demand in West China Hospital, in order to provide better service. MethodsUsing self-questionnaire, we investigated 1 734 outpatients and the data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software. ResultsA total of 90.7% of the surveyed patients reported that it was necessary to have evening outpatient service, 53.1% of the patients were willing to come to the hospital in the morning, and 4.2% prefer to come to the hospital in the evening. ConclusionEvening outpatient service in large general hospitals is getting high social affirmation. It is helpful to those who are inconvenient or unwilling to come to the hospital during day time, and is a complement for day-time outpatient and emergency outpatient service. Consultation time and resource arrangement in the evening outpatient service should conform to the principle of rational allocation for hospital resources.
Objective To evaluate the effects of knowledge about malaria after the implementation of Global Fund Malaria Project in Chongqing for future prevention and treatment of malaria. Methods Four counties were selected from the counties of Global Fund Malaria Project of Chongqing. Three towns were randomly selected in each selected county; one primary school and one high school were investigated in each selected town; one class was randomly selected in each selected school; and 30 students in each selected class were randomly selected. Then, three villages were randomly selected in each selected county; one group of villagers were randomly selected in each selected village; and 200 local residents were randomly investigated in each selected villager group. Before and after implementation of Global Fund Malaria Project, their awareness of malaria was investigated using a questionnaire. Results After implementation of the project, the pupils’ average awareness rate of knowledge about malaria rose from 58.94% to 89.96% (χ2=179.48, Plt;0.01) with average increase of 31.02%; the middle school students’ average awareness rate of rose from 52.83% to 86.06% (χ2=196.64, Plt;0.01) with average increase of 33.23%; the local residents’ average awareness rate of knowledge about malaria rose from 56.74% to 83.89% (χ2=1 281.70, Plt;0.01) with average increase of 27.15%. The accuracies of all respondents after project implement was higher than before. After the implementation, the accuracies of malaria transmission route, main clinical symptoms, and seeing doctor while malaria occurring were all above 80%, but the accuracy of the index of best preventive methods was less than 50%. Conclusion The implementation of Global Fund Malaria Project in Chongqing increase the awareness rate of malaria knowledge but the relevant education should be strengthened, so as to promote general population’s awareness of malaria prevention.
ObjectiveTo understand the economic burden of disinfection supply to medical institutions in Yibin City, and explore the feasibility of establishing a regional centralized management model of disinfection supply center in Yibin City.MethodsFrom April to May 2018, 263 medical institutions in the eight counties and two districts of Yibin City were investigated by means of mobile phone application-designed questionnaire, to obtain the information of cost accounting and economic burden of disinfection supply.ResultsThere were 263 medical institutions involved in the survey, in which 61 (23.19%) had set up the central sterile supply department (CSSD), including 43 public hospitals and 18 private hospitals; 202 medical institutions were without CSSD, which were mainly secondary hospitals [195 (74.14%), including 120 public hospitals and 75 private hospitals]. The higher the hospital level was, the larger the average area of the CSSD was; the difference was statistically significant (χ2=40.009, P<0.001). The higher the hospital level was, the more full-time personnel were employed, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=31.862, P<0.001), and the care staff were the majority (66.23%). The cost burden of CSSD was more than 1 million yuan in the tertiary hospitals, which was 100 000 yuan or above in 61.90% of the secondary hospitals, and was below 100 000 yuan in hospitals below secondary level. The higher the hospital level was, the higher the total cost burden became; the difference was statistically significant (χ2=37.995, P<0.001). ConclusionIn view of the heavy economic burden of CSSD in medical institutions and the unbalanced setting up of medical institutions below secondary level, the establishment of a regional CSSD centralized management model is a new direction, new trend, and new model for future development, which is conducive to improving the quality of disinfection and sterilization, reducing medical care costs, making rational use of health resources, effectively preventing hospital infections, and ensuring the medical safety.
ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of ketogenic diet treatment centers in China, including the target, quantity, indication diseases, staffing and regional distribution of ketogenic diet therapy centers.MethodsMembers from the China Association Against Epilepsy (CAAE) received an investigation on the development situation of ketogenic diet therapy in their own epilepsy centers through an online survey. ResultsAt present, there are 91 centers for ketogenic diet therapy in China, and among them, there are 74 centers (81.32%) only treat pediatric patients. 59 centers of them (64.83%) were established between 2010 and 2020; patients of 63 centers (69.23%) have been treated with ketogenic therapy for status epilepticus (SE), among which only 9 centers (14.29%) have 5 or more epileptic patients on averge per month. 35 centers (38.46%) are offering ketogenic diet treatment for indications other than epilepsy. The main diseases are autism spectrum disorder, encephalitis, febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), rare diseases and glycolipid metabolic diseases. All ketogenic diet treatment centers are equipped with high-quality professionals, mainly neurologists and pediatric physicians; There are significant differences in regional distribution, with centers in the eastern region accounting for more than half (53.85%). ConclusionsThe development of ketogenic diet therapy in China has achieved initial results, but there are still some problems such as small number of patients treated and uneven geographical distribution.