OBJECTIVE To review the physiological function of sodium hyaluronate in joints and its clinical applications. METHODS Many literatures were reviewed and analysed on therapeutic mechanism and the application foreground of sodium hyaluronate. RESULTS Extrinsic sodium hyaluronate plays an important role in improving synovial fluid and protecting cartilages as well as suppressing inflammation, so it is used in the treatment of joint diseases such as knee osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or temporomandibular osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION Sodium hyaluronate possesses a good applied prospect in joint diseases.
Objective To evaluate the clinical results of bioabsorbable interference screw in knee ligament reconstruction. Methods From April 2002 to August 2004, 39 patients with knee ligament injury were treated, including 33 males and6 females with a median age of 25 years (15 to 65 years). The involved ligament included 29 anterior cruciate ligament of knee(ACL), 6 posterior cruciate ligament of knee(PCL)，4 combined ACL and PCL, 3 medial collateral or lateral collateral ligaments of knee point and 1 posterolateral complex injury of knee. All of patients underwent anatomic ligament reconstructions under arthroscopy or open surgery by autografts and fixation with bioabsorbable interference screw. Results All 34 patients were followed up 6 to 28 months (mean 13.7months). The patients were evaluated by Lysholm knee functional scales, the knee scores were 43.6±13.4 before operation and 85.4±16.3 after operation, showing significant difference (Plt;0.05). There was no limitation of rangeof motion and loosening of the screw. However, one case suffered from infection, and 3 cases suffered from effusion and synovitis after surgery and recovered after management. Conclusion Bioabsorbable interference screw fixation is a reliable method in knee ligament reconstruction and is effective to restore knee joint stability.
Objective To study the biological characteristic and potential of chondrocytes grafting cultured on fascia in repairing large defect of articular cartilage in rabbits. Methods Chondrocytes of young rabbits were isolated and subcultured on fascia. The large defect of articular cartilage was repaired by grafts of freeze-preserved and fresh chondrocytes cultured on fascia, and free chondrocytes respectively; the biological characteristic and metabolism were evaluated bymacroscopic, histological and immunohistochemical observations, autoradiography method and the measurement of nitric oxide content 6, 12, 24 weeks after grafting. Results The chondrocytes cultured on fascia maintained normal growth feature and metabolism, and there was no damage to chondrocytes after cryopreservation; the repaired cartilage was similar to the normal cartilage in cellular morphology and biological characteristics. Conclusion Chondrocytes could be cultured normally on fascia, which could be used as an ideal carrier of chondrocytes.
Objective To discuss the clinical application of preserving femoral neck in total hip arthroplasty and to analyze the early stage results.Methods From January 1999 to June 2001, 12 patients underwent total hip arthroplasty with preservation of femoral neck. We cut off the femoral head in infra-head position with improved Moore micro-incisions to reserve intact neck of femur. Thensuitable size of extra cup was selected and placed at 55° eversion angle. The internal cup, made from ultra high polymer poly thene and with ultra radius design, was placed at 45°eversion angle. Harris scores were recorded before operation, after operation and during the follow-up. During the follow-up, the X-rayfilms were taken to assess position, loosening of the prosthesis and ectopic ossification.Results All 12 patients were followed up 2-4.5years with an average of 3.1 years. The mean Harris score of hip elevated from 54 scores before operation to 92 scores of the last follow-up. Mild ectopic ossification occurred in 3 cases. There was no prosthesis loosening and femoral prosthesis setting, and only onepatient had mild bone absorption around femoral prosthesis.Conclusion Total hip arthroplasty with femoral neck preservation is a good option for the patients who need total hip arthroplasty for variable reasons, which is indicated for the patients whose femoral neck is intact with no osteoporosis.
ObjectiveTo investigate the cl inical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint locking with extension lag. MethodsBetween February 2009 and April 2014, 17 patients (17 fingers) with MCP joint locking with extension lag were treated. The patients included 4 males and 13 females, and the average age was 40.7 years (range, 20-72 years). The index finger was locked in 12 cases and the middle finger in 5 cases. All patients could not fully extend the MCP joint at about 30° flexion without flexion limitation of the interphalangeal joint. The range of motion (ROM) of the MCP joint was (41.2±5.1)°. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 2.7±0.5. X-ray and CT scanning showed that there was a bony prominence on radial condyle of the metacarpal head in 15 primary patients, and a hook like osteophyte on ulnar condyle in 2 degenerative patients. All patients were treated with close reduction first, and open reduction was conducted when the manipulation failed. ResultsSuccessful close reduction was achieved in 5 cases, and successful open reduction in 8 cases; 4 cases gave up treatment after failure for close reduction. All patients who achieved successful reduction were followed up 2.3 years on average (range, 6 months to 5 years and 2 months). The ROM of the MCP joint was increased to (80.4±6.6)° at last follow-up, showing significant difference when compared with ROM before reduction (t=-19.46, P=0.00). The VAS score decreased to 0.2±0.4 at last follow-up, also showing significant difference when compared with score before reduction (t=13.44, P=0.00). ConclusionAccessory collateral ligament caught at the bony prominence on the radial condyle of the metacarpal head is the most common cause of the MCP joint locking with extension lag. Close reduction is feasible, but recurrence of locking is possible. Surgical treatment is advised in the event of manipulation failure or recurrent locking.
The clinical performance and failure issues are significantly influenced by prosthetic malposition in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Uncertainty exists about the impact of the prosthetic joint line height in UKA on tibial insert wear. In this study, we combined the UKA musculoskeletal multibody dynamics model, finite element model and wear model to investigate the effects of seven joint line height cases of fixed UKA implant on postoperative insert contact mechanics, cumulative sliding distance, linear wear depth and volumetric wear. As the elevation of the joint line height in UKA, the medial contact force and the joint anterior-posterior translation during swing phase were increased, and further the maximum von Mises stress, contact stress, linear wear depth, cumulative sliding distance, and the volumetric wear also were increased. Furthermore, the wear area of the insert gradually shifted from the middle region to the rear. Compared to 0 mm joint line height, the maximum linear wear depth and volumetric wear were decreased by 7.9% and 6.8% at –2 mm joint line height, and by 23.7% and 20.6% at –6 mm joint line height, the maximum linear wear depth and volumetric wear increased by 10.7% and 5.9% at +2 mm joint line height, and by 24.1% and 35.7% at +6 mm joint line height, respectively. UKA prosthetic joint line installation errors can significantly affect the wear life of the polyethylene inserted articular surfaces. Therefore, it is conservatively recommended that clinicians limit intraoperative UKA joint line height errors to –2−+2 mm.
ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy between medial collateral ligament (MCL) repair and MCL reconstruction in multi-ligament injury. MethodsThirty-one patients with MCL rupture and multi-ligament injury of knee joint were treated between August 2008 and August 2012, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Of 31 patients, 11 cases underwent MCL repair (repair group), and 20 cases underwent MCL reconstruction (reconstruction group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass, injury side, injury cause, and preoperative knee Lyshlom score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, range of motion, and medial joint opening between 2 groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative knee subjective function and stability were compared between 2 groups. ResultsAll incisions healed by first intention, and no postoperative complication occurred. All patients were followed up 2-4 years (mean, 3.2 years). At 2 years after operation, the IKDC subjective score, Lyshlom score, and range of motion were significantly increased in 2 groups when compared with preoperative ones (P < 0.05). The range of motion of reconstruction group was significantly better than that of repair group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in IKDC subjective score and Lyshlom score between 2 groups (P > 0.05). The medial joint opening was significantly improved in 2 groups at 2 years after operation when compared with preoperative one (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between 2 groups (P > 0.05). ConclusionBoth the MCL reconstruction and MCL repair can restore medial stability in multi-ligament injury, but MCL reconstruction is better than MCL repair in range of motion.
Objective To study the effect of the high molecular weight polyethylene on the periprosthetic tissue in vivo as to give some reference to treatment of loosening hip arthroplasty. Methods Every lower limb of 20 New Zealand white rabbits was implanted a CoCrMo plug in femur by intercondylar notch. 15 mg polyethylene particles, dispersed in 1.5 ml normal saline solution, were injected into one knee joint. The other knee joint was injected 1.5 ml normal saline solution as control. This procedure was repeated 2,4,6,8 and 10 weeks after the implantation. Both of two lower limbs were given a X-ray examination 10 weeks to assess if there were periprosthetic osteolysis and loosening of the plugs. All animals were killed 2 weeks afer the last injection. The distribution of polyethylene in the knee joint capsule was examined to understand if there were loosening of implants or tissue change around implants. Knee joint capsule tissues and periprosthetic tissues were examed by optical microscope. Results Nine cases formed fibrous membrane and four cases formed new bone around prostheses in experiment group. Eleven cases formed new bone and two cases formed fibrous membrane in control group(Plt;0.05)The X-ray results indicated that the plugs were in distal medulla of femur. There was no sign of priprosthetic osteolysis, implants loosening or new bone formation. Optical microscope study indicated that there were a lot of polyethylene particles inside the capsule. The polythlene particles were surrounded by multinucleated foreignbody giant cells and fibrobast. In some cases, there were fibroblasts and fibrous tissue around plug. There were no polyethylene paticles and multinucleated foreignbody giant cells around plug in the marrow. There were alot of polyehtlene particles on the joint surface. The bone surface that contacted multinucleated foreignbody giant cells was coarse. Conclusion Maximing ultra high molecular weight polyethylene can restrain rabbit periprosthetic bone formation
ObjectiveTo introduce the surgery method to reset and fix tibial plateau fracture without opening joint capsule, and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this method. MethodsBetween July 2011 and July 2013, 51 patients with tibial plateau fracture accorded with the inclusion criteria were included. All of 51 patients, 17 cases underwent open reduction and internal fixation without opening joint capsule in trial group, and 34 cases underwent traditional surgery method in control group. There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, time from injury to admission, side of injury, and types of fracture between 2 groups (P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, incision heal ing, and fracture healing were compared between 2 groups. The tibial-femoral angle and collapse of joint surface were measured on X-ray film. At last follow-up, joint function was evaluated with Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee function scale. ResultsThe intraoperative blood loss in trial group was significantly less than that in control group (P<0.05). The incision length in trial group was significantly shorter than that in control group (P<0.05). Difference was not significant in operation time and the rate of incision heal ing between 2 groups (P>0.05). The patients were followed up 12-30 months (mean, 20.4 months) in trial group and 12-31 months (mean, 18.2 months) in control group. X-ray films indicated that all cases in 2 groups obtained fracture heal ing; there was no significant difference in the fracture healing time between 2 groups (t=1.382, P=0.173). On X-ray films, difference was not significant in tibial-femoral angle and collapse of joint surface between 2 groups (P>0.05). HSS score of the knee in trial group was significantly higher than that of control group (t=3.161, P=0.003). ConclusionIt can reduce the intraoperative blood loss and shorten the incision length to use open reduction and internal fixation without opening joint capsule for tibial plateau fracture. Traction of joint capsule is helpful in the reduction and good recovery of joint surface collapse. In addition, the surgery without opening joint capsule can avoid joint stiffness and obtain better joint function.
Joint attention deficit is one of the core disorders in children with autism, which seriously affects the development of multiple basic skills such as language and communication. Virtual reality scene intervention has great potential in improving joint attention skills in children with autism due to its good interactivity and immersion. This article reviewed the application of virtual reality based social and nonsocial scenarios in training joint attention skills for children with autism in recent years, summarized the problems and challenges of this intervention method, and proposed a new joint paradigm for social scenario assessment and nonsocial scenario training. Finally, it looked forward to the future development and application prospects of virtual reality technology in joint attention skill training for children with autism.