In this paper, we established magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) model for rat tumor using the finite element software COMSOL based on the linear response theory. By analyzing four kinds of magnetic medium within relaxation mechanism, such as Fe3O4、FeCo、fccFePt and L10FePt, we studied the influence of the change of magnetic medium radius on dissipation power and temperature field, respectively. At the same time, the optimization method for the parameters of several magnetic medium is proposed, and the applications of four kinds of magnetic medium are given as well. By increasing the dissipation power of the magnetic medium as much as possible, the dose of magnetic medium used in the treatment can be reduced, meanwhile, the adverse effects on health tissue surrounding the tumor will be minimized. The conclusions of this paper can provide reference for magnetic medium preparation applied to MFH.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, cost and optimal dosing regimen of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) used in the lumbar spine arthrodesis. Methods We formulated the clinical questions according to the PICO principle. We searched the ACP Journal Club (1991 to February 2008), The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2007) and PubMed (1990 to February 2008) as well as other relevant databases. The evidence retrieved was critically appraised. Results Current evidence showed that BMP was a satisfactory and safe behavior in lumbar arthrodesis. Its cost was equal to that of autogenous iliac bone graft. The types of BMP currently used in clinical practice are BMP-2 and BMP-7. Finished product of fixed composition ratio was recommended in anterior lumbar inter-body fusion, while in posterolateral fusion, 20mg of BMP-2 or 3.5mg of BMP-7 for each side was recommended, with proper carrier according to the place where it was used. Conclusion BMP may be introduced to China for lumbar spine arthrodesis. Before it is applied extensively, further large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed. Meanwhile, more research is necessary to determine the proper dosage and preparation form for the dominant Chinese population.
Objective To understand status of technical realization, present development, faced problems, and application prospects of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer, and to analyze safety and feasibility so as to provide theoretical and practical basis for clinical application and promotion. Method By searching the databases such as Medline, Embase, and Wanfang, etc., the relevant literatures about reduced-port laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer were collected and reviewed. Results At present, the most common reduced-port laparoscopic surgery was the 1-port laparoscopic surgery, 2-port laparoscopic surgery, and 3-port laparoscopic surgery. The 1-port laparoscopic surgery had the effects of minimal invasiveness and cosmesis, but it was difficult to perform. The 2-port laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer preserved as far as possible the effect of minimal invasiveness, the difficulty of procedure was reduced greatly, which was easy to be learnt and promoted. The experience of the 3-port laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer contributed to the technical development of the 1-port laparoscopic surgery, with no need for the assisted incision for intraoperative specimen. The reduced-port laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer was technically feasible and safe, which possessed the equal or better short-term outcomes as compared with the conventional 5-port laparoscopic or open surgery beside the radical resection for rectal cancer. However, the stringent technique for the laparoscopic surgery was necessary and it needed to overcome the learning curve. Conclusions Reduced-port laparoscopic surgery has some obvious advantages in minimal invasiveness, cosmesis, and enhanced recovery. More large-sample, multi-center, randomized controlled trials are eager to further confirm safety, effectiveness, and feasibility of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.
ObjectiveTo quantitatively determine the levels of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ collagen mRNA in the intervertebral disc cartilage endplate of injured animal model, and to clarify the cytological function of intervertebral disc chondrocytes during fibrosis repair after intervertebral disc injury.MethodsForty healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into fibrosus puncture group, upper cartilage endplate single puncture group, upper and lower cartilage endplate multiple puncture group, and sham group. Two experimental animals were randomly selected from each group on the 2nd day, and the 2nd, 8th, 12th, and 24th week after the animal modeling operation to obtain intervertebral disc specimens. The levels of type Ⅰ collagen and type Ⅱ collagen in cartilage endplate cells of the intervertebral disc were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RNA was extracted from the endplate of the intervertebral disc, and the RNA concentration and the ratio of RNA concentration to protein concentration were determined by nucleic acid analyzer. Reverse transcription was performed by Revertaid M-Mulv reverse transcriptase, type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ collagen primers were designed to establish a PCR reaction system, 2% agarose gel electrophoresis (120 V, 40 min) was prepared by using 0.5×TBE electrophoresis buffer. The amplification results were observed under ultraviolet light, and the gray values of different electrophoresis bands were determined.ResultsThe level of type Ⅰ collagen mRNA in each operation group showed a progressive increase after 8 weeks, and the magnitude of the increase was related to the degree of injury. The level of type Ⅱ collagen mRNA showed a transient increase in the fibrosis puncture group and the upper endplate single-puncture group in the first two weeks after the endplate punctures were completed, and then began to decline progressively; in the multiple puncture group, it showed a downward trend from the beginning of the operation. ConclusionsThe synthesis of type Ⅰ collagen in chondrocytes of the injured nucleus pulposus tissue continues to increase with time, while the synthesis of type Ⅱ collagen begin to decrease progressively after a small increase. The formation and change of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ collagen in injured intervertebral disc chondrocytes are different from natural degeneration.
Objective To verify the predictive value of Sino System for Coronary Operative Risk Evaluation（SinoSCORE） on quality of life in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） surgery. Method A total of 234 patients in Peking University People’s Hospital undergoing CABG between November 2008 and September 2010 hadcompleted the preoperative and 6-month postoperative Short Form-36 （SF-36）. There were 172 （73.5%） male patients and63 （26.5%） female patients. The average age was 63.0±10.1 years. According to the SinoSCORE， 234 patients were dividedinto three groups：low risk （SinoSCORE score less than 1 point，n=67）， medium risk （SinoSCORE score 2-5 points，n=77） and high risk （SinoSCORE score more than 6 points，n=90） group. Clinical information of the 234 patients was collected， andthe score values of all patients were calculated according to the SinoSCORE model. Statistic methods were performed toevaluate the relationship between quality of life and SinoSCORE. Results The postoperative quality of life have improvedsignificantly， but the improvement of quality of life have no significantly different between groups. There was statisticallysignificant correlation between quality of life and SinoSCORE （P＜0.05， r value at-0.150 to 0.255）.Linear regression analysis showed that SinoSCORE was significantly collected with quality of life in multiple subgroups （P＜0.05， r 2＜0.1） .Conclusion SinoSCORE have statistically correlated with quality of life， and have certain but limited predictive value on quality of life in CABG patients.
ObjectiveTo compare the short-term outcome of 3-port and 5-port laparoscopic assisted radical resection for middle and high rectal cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 67 patients with middle and high rectal cancer who were treated in the Gastrointestinal Ward of Center of General Surgery in General Hospital of Western Theater Command of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army from January 2018 to December 2018. The operative, pathological, recent postoperative related indicators, and follow-up results of the two groups were compared and analyzed.ResultsAmong all the enrolled patients, 33 cases received 3-port laparoscopic surgery (3-port group) and 34 cases received 5-port laparoscopic surgery (5-port group). The total length of incision and the pain score of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on the 3rd postoperative day of the 3-port group were significantly better than those of the 5-port group (P<0.05). Peripheral incisal margins were negative in both two groups. However, there were no statistically significant differences in indicators such as operative time, intraoperative blood loss, operative conversion rate, hospitalization expenses, length of the distal margins, number of positive lymph nodes, number of lymph nodes harvested, time to the first flatus, time to the first ambulation, time to urinary catheter removal, time to drainage tube removal, time to the first oral intake, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complication rate (P>0.05). Thirty cases of the 3-port group were followed up for 12–24 months (median of 19 months), as well as 29 cases of 5-port group were followed up for 12–24 months (median of 19.5 months). There were no significant differences on the incidences of intestinal obstruction, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and death between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionCompared with the conventional 5-port laparoscopic surgery, the 3-port laparoscopic surgery could shorten the total length of incision and reduce the surgical trauma, suggesting that it is safe and effective.
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) score in evaluating the severity of hip fracture-induced early acute lung injury (ALI) in the elderly patients.MethodsThe clinical data of 289 elderly hip fracture patients in Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from July 2014 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups, including an ALI group (n=114, 36 males and 78 females at age of 82.94±6.85 years) and a non-ALI group (n=175, 51 males and 124 females at age of 84.42±6.31 years). General information, chest HRCT scores and PaO2/FiO2 were compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis was used to compare the relationship between chest HRCT scores and PaO2/FiO2. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was applied to evaluate the effective extent of the diffuse ground glass opacity (DGGO), intense parenchymal opacification (IPO), and reticulation HRCT scores to the overall HRCT scores.ResultsThe DGGO scores, IPO scores, reticulation scores, overall HRCT scores and PaO2/FiO2 were higher in the ALI group than those in the non-ALI group (P<0.001). In the ALI group, correlation analysis showed that DGGO, overall HRCT scores were in significantly negative correlation with PaO2/FiO2 (P<0.001). In addition, the correlation among PaO2/FiO2 and overall HRCT scores was more significant than that of DGGO scores. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that DGGO, IPO, and reticulation scores were independent influencing factors for overall HRCT scores. Among the influencing factors, DGGO scores had the greatest impact, then IPO scores and reticulation scores. The HRCT signs of DGGO, IPO, and reticulation appeared simultaneously had the greatest effects on the overall HRCT scores.ConclusionThe chest HRCT score, which is associated with PaO2/FiO2, also can be used in the severity assessment of elderly patients with early ALI caused by hip fracture.
ObjectivesTo develop an orthotopic xenografts model that can dynamically observe the growth of rectal cancer and lymphatic metastasis, and to preliminarily explore the feasibility of monitoring the growth and metastasis of rectal cancer by in vivo imaging system.MethodsAn orthotopic xenografts model was developed in nude mouse by rectal submucosal injection of red fluorescent protein-labeled human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HCT 116. Then, the fluorescence signal from cancer cells was collected at different time points by means of in vivo imaging system, and the growth and metastasis of cancer cells in the rectum of nude mice was observed in real time. Finally, the model was evaluated by pathology.ResultsFifty visualized nude mouse models of orthotopic implantation and lymphatic metastasis were successfully constructed. At 2-7 weeks after implantation, the fluorescent protein of tumor were observed in all nude mouse with in vivo imaging system. After the orthotopic implantation, the volume of the transplanted tumor grew with the extension of time, and the integrated density expanded gradually. The number of caudal mesenteric lymph node metastases, para-aortic lymph node metastases, liver metastases and lung metastases increased time-dependent. The results of histological study was consistent with depending on lymph nodes to express fluorescent proteins to determine metastasis.ConclusionsIt is reliable and feasible to visualize the orthotopic implantation and lymphatic metastasis model of nude mice. The in vivo imaging system is simple and effective for real-time, non-invasive and dynamic observation of the growth of orthotopic xenografts and lymphatic metastasis in nude mice.
ObjectiveIn this study, three-dimensional printed (3DP) titanium implants were used for skeletal reconstructions after wide excision of chest wall. 3DP titanium implants were expected to provide a valid option with perfect anatomic fitting and personalized design in chest wall reconstruction.MethodsThere were 13 patients [mean age of 46 (24-78) years with 9 males and 4 females] who underwent adequate radical wide excision for tumors and chest wall reconstruction using 3DP titanium implants. Surgical data including patient demographic characteristics, perioperative clinical data and data from 1-year follow-up were collected and analyzed.ResultsSix patients of rib tumors, six patients of sternal tumors and one patient of sternal pyogenic osteomyelitis were finally selected for the study. The chest wall defect area was 221.0±206.0 cm2. All patients were able to maintain the integrity of the chest wall after surgery, and no abnormal breathing was found, achieving personalized and anatomical repair. Thirteen patients were successfully discharged from the hospital. Two patients developed pneumonia in the perioperative period. During the follow-up period in the first year after surgery, no implant related adverse reaction was observed, including implant rupture, implant shift, rejection reaction and allergies. One patient had wound ulcer after chemotherapy. Three patients had tumor recurrence, with the recurrence rate of 25.0%. Two patients died of tumor recurrence, with a mortality rate of 16.7%.Conclusion3DP titanium implant is a safe and effective material for chest wall reconstruction.
ObjectiveTo explore the safety and effectiveness of a precise marking method based on body surface mesh and three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 22 patients in our hospital from October 2018 to October 2019. There were 13 males and 9 females aged 58.5 (37-72) years. All patients underwent a precise marking of pulmonary nodules based on body surface mesh and 3D image reconstruction. Then, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was performed to resect the nodules. The clinical data, including positioning success rate and operation time were analyzed.ResultsA total of 22 small pulmonary nodules were removed. The average diameter of small nodules was 12±3 mm, and the average distance from the visceral pleura was 17±6 mm. The localization success rate was 86.4%. The operation time was 110±43 min, and there was no surgery-related complication.ConclusionThe method of marking pulmonary nodules based on body surface mesh and 3D image reconstruction is a safe and reliable technology, which reduces the risk of hemopneumothorax caused by CT-guided lung puncture.