【Abstract】ObjectiveTo discuss the molecular structures and functions of Alu repeats,and its relationships with malignant tumors. MethodsAdvances in molecular biology and oncology of Alu repeats in recent years had been reviewed. ResultsHomologous recombination between Alu repeats may result in various genetic exchanges,including duplications, deletions and translocations,cause a series of malignancy alteration by activating some oncogenes. ConclusionAlu repeats as a sort of multifunction regulatory sequences may play an important role during the carcinogenesis and progression of some tumors.
Objective To observe the toxic and side effects during the continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion chemotherapy (CHPPC).Methods Abdominal paracentesis and catheterization were performed under ultrasound guidance, then CHPPC was carried out, which was in temperature of 42-44 ℃ for 1 h. The changes of body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, saturation of blood oxygen and respiratory frequency were recorded in 109 patients during and after perfusion, meanwhile symptoms and physical signs of abdominal region and system status such as abdominal tenderness, rebound tenderness were observed. Results There were no significant differences of body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, saturation of blood oxygen or respiratory frequency between before and after perfusion (Pgt;0.05). There were 25 patients with abdominal pain, but in which only 3 patients with symptoms of acute abdomen, 26 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, 20 patients with myelosuppression, and others (22 cases) with aches of puncture position which were released by symptomatic treatment. Conclusion There are less toxic and side effect and better tolerance in patients with CHPPC application 1 month after operation.
Objective To assess the methodological quality of clinical studies using Shen-Mai injection as an adjunct therapy to tumor chemotherapy and to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Methods A comprehensive search strategy was designed to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing Shen-Mai injection plus routine chemotherapy versus routine chemotherapy alone by searching for the CBMdisc (issue 3) and TCMLRS database (1981-2001). The methodological quality of the trials was assessed by two reviewers independently for which a meta analysis was perfermed. Results Thirteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. methodological quality was poor (all the trials included were level C). Compared with the control group, the combined outcome of Shen-Mai injection increased the effect of chemotherapy (OR 1.73 95%CI 1.27 to 2.34, P＝0.000 4), reduced the side effect of bone marrow inhibition (OR 0.29, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.52, P＝0.000 04) in WBC counting and (OR 0.11, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.49, P＝0.004 in PLT count. And Shen-Mai injection relieved the symptoms of nausea and vomiting (OR 0.26, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.43, Plt;0.000 01). Conclusions The methodological quality of the trails using Shen-Mai injection should be improved. Based on the results of the review and the meta-analysis, Shen-Mai injection may have positive effects on chemotherapy in patients with malignant tumor, although the evidence is weak. No serious adverse events are reported. Further well-designed clinical trials should be performed.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of limb function and the methods of bone and soft tissue reconstruction of patients treated with allografting. METHODS: From May 1992 to January 1999, 90 patients suffered from bone malignant tumor were treated with allografting in different methods of internal fixations. The average follow-up was 37.5 months. The limb postoperative function, complications related to different surgical methods were compared according to Enneking evaluation system. RESULTS: Skin necrosis, infection, non-union, fracture of allograft were the main complications which affect patients’ limb postoperative functions. Of the 90 fresh-frozen allografting procedures, the final results of operation showed that hip joints and knee joints were better than the shoulder joints. More than 80% of the patients treated with interlocked intramedullary nail and allograft-prosthesis combination led to an over-all result that was excellent and good. Interlocked intermedullary nail was of recommended method of internal fixation. Early exercises of operative limbs could promote function recovery. CONCLUSION: Using of interlocked intramedullary nail and allograft-prosthesis combination are of recommended operation method and can be applied with better results, and early exercises of operative limbs will lead to better functions.
After freatment of prosthesis replacement for 12 malignant tumer of the proximal humoral werereported. The operation were performed after the indications and methods of treatment had beendefined. All of the 12 cases were followed-up, in the average of 8 yeare. On functional evaluation , 8cases had satisfactory result , but per in 1 cases and 3 cases died from recurrence or metastasis withinfive years. The indieation of the procthetic replantation, the complications, and revision weredisecused.
Objective To improve the vigilance and awareness of malignancy presenting as dermatosis and reduce misdiagnosis. Methods Two cases of gastric cancer presenting as dermatomyositis and erythroderma respectively in the last two years were retrospectively analyzed and the relevant literatures were reviewed. Results The two patients were admitted to hospital due to skin diseases， diagnosis of gastric cancer through endoscopy， and proved to be gastric cancer associated with dermatosis by pathological examination after surgical resection. Conclusions Paraneoplastic dermatoses can be seen as an early manifestation of the internal malignancy. The patients with paraneoplastic dermatoses should be excluded visceral tumors by the means of biomarkers， endoscopy， PET/CT， and so on.
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and the occurrence, metastasis, and treatment of colon cancer. MethodsThe literature on the structure and the property of molecular biology of NFκB, the relationship between NFκB and apopotosis, malignant tumor and colon cancer were reviewed.ResultsNFκB had action of antiapopotosis. The occurrence of malignant tumor had close relation with the oncogene by NFκB, the metastasis of malignant tumor was that cell of cancer escaped the killing and supervising of immunity by NFκB. NFκB affected the occurrence and metastasis of colon cancer by regulating cmyc, Cox2, ICAM1.Conclusion NFκB has important action in the occurrence and metastasis of colon cancer. It will become a new target of treatment.
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of malignant tumor deaths in the registered population of Zhuhai city. Methods A retrospective survey of death from malignant tumor during 2004 and 2005 was performed in the registered population of Zhuhai city. This was based on the retrospective protocol of the third national survey of death cause. The mortality of main malignant tumor and cause of deaths were analyzed. Results During 2004 to 2005, the mean crude mortality and age-specific standardized mortality of malignant tumor were 90.3/100 000 and 97.2/100 000, respectively. Malignant tumor death was the most common cause of death in Zhuhai city, accounting for 21.8% of all deaths. The standardized mortalities in males and females were 119.7/100,000 and 71.6/100,000, respectively. The standardized rate in the male population was significantly higher than that of the female population (u=10.3, Plt;0.01). The mortality of malignant tumor tended to increase with age. The top five causes of malignant tumor deaths were lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and gastric cancer. Their standardized mortalities were 20.9, 18.0, 8.7, 8.2, 8.1/100,000, respectively. Conclusion The mortality of mal ignant tumors has showed an increasing trend in Zhuhai city, with the main tumors being lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and gastric cancer. Malignant tumor has become a common and frequently-occurring disease with a major impact on the life and health of people in Zhuhai city.
Objective To analyze risk factors of malignancy in patients with small pulmonary nodules （diameter ≤2 cm） using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression，and establish a mathematical prediction model to estimatethe probability of malignancy. Methods Clinical data of 147 patients with small pulmonary nodules who underwentsurgical resection with definite postoperative pathological diagnosis from January 2005 to September 2012 in the 161st Central Hospital of PLA were retrospectively analyzed. There were 84 male and 63 female patients with their age of 31-78（56.2±10.1） years. Univariate analysis using Chi-square test or t test was performed to analyze risk factors including patientage，gender，symptoms，history and quantity of smoking，history of heavy drinking，history of tumor，tumor site，diameter，lobulation，spiculation，pleural indentation，ground-glass opacity，cavity，enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes.Independent predictors of malignancy were screened with multivariate logistic regression analysis. A mathematical predictionmodel was built to estimate the probability of malignancy and then examined. Results Univariate analysis showed that there was statistical difference in patient age（t=7.146，P＜0.001），heavy smoking history（χ2=6.169，P=0.013），nodule diameter（t=3.375，P=0.001），spiculation（χ2=5.609，P=0.018），lobulation（χ2=5.675，P=0.017），and pleural indentation（χ2=12.994，P＜0.001）between benign and malignant small pulmonary nodule groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patient age （OR=1.110，P=0.000），nodule diameter （OR=2.050，P=0.029），lobulation （OR=1.672，P=0.045），spiculation（OR=2.054，P=0.032） and pleural indentation（OR=4.090，P=0.024）were independent predictors of malignancy in patients with small pulmonary nodules （P＜0.05） . The mathematical prediction model to estimate the probability of malignancy was：Logit （P） =ez/ （1 ＋ ez），Z=-6.657 ＋ （0.104×age） ＋ （0.718×diameter） ＋ （0.720×spiculation） ＋（0.514×lobulation） ＋ （1.409×pleural indentation），and e was natural logarithm. Both Hosmer-Lemeshow test （χ2=1.802，P=0.986） and maximum likelihood ratio test （Cox-Snell R2=0.310，Nagelkerke R2=0.443） showed satisfactory goodness of fit. The diagnostic accuracy was 85.71%，sensitivity was 87.50%，specificity was 81.40%，positive predictive value was 91.92%，and negative predictive value was 72.92% when the cut-off value was 0.58. Conclusions Patient age，nodule diameter，spiculation，lobulation and pleural indentation are independent predictors of malignancy in patients with small pulmonary nodules. The mathematical prediction model can accurately estimate the probability of malignancy for patients with small pulmonary nodules.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the styles and affecting factors of bone union after massive frozen allografting for skeletal reconstruction owing to excision of bone tumor. METHODS: From 1992 to 1999, 85 patients suffering from bone malignant tumor were given the excision of large bone segment and treated with allografting in different methods of operation: large bone allografts with condylar articular surface in 16 cases, osteoarticular allografts in 57 cases, bone allografts in combination with prosthetic replacement of hip in 9 cases, and prosthetic replacement of knee in 3 cases. The average follow-up was 2 years and 9 months. The union time and styles of host-donor junction were determined by X-ray characters, and the results of operations were assessed according to Enneking’s functional evaluation system of reconstructive procedures after surgical treatment of tumors for the musculoskeletal system. RESULTS: There were 4 kinds of basic bone union styles by the X-ray characters, there were no significant difference in the time span of bone union after fixation with different methods. Of the 85 fresh-frozen allografting procedures, more than 80% of the patients were treated with interlocked intramedullary nail and allograft-prosthesis combination, and the overall result was excellent and good. Sufficient blood supply was important for host-donor junction healing, but the function of immune response was uncertain. CONCLUSION: There were different styles of bone union after massive allografting. The recommended operative methods for massive allografts are stable internal fixation, sufficient blood supply, soft tissue repair and periosteal flap coverage.