Microwave ablation (MWA), a form of thermal ablation in interventional radiology, uses electromagnetic waves to produce tissue-heating effects which generating tissue necrosis within solid tumors. Due to its exact effect, safety, high thermal efficiency, MWA became a minimally invasive surgery for lung cancer and a palliative treatment in patients who are nonsurgical candidate and solid tumors. MWA is accurate and effective for peripheral lung cancer and can effectively relieve airway obstruction, obstructive symptoms of pneumonia, atelectasis, breathing difficulties for central lung cancer. This review focuses on the application of MWA in the treatment of lung cancer.
Objective To evaluate the methodological and reporting qualities of randomize controlled trials involving MTC (microwave tissue coagulation) therapy for cervical erosion. Methods Through computer and handsearch, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and/or quasi-randomized controlled trials (quasi-RCTs) were collected. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using quality assessment criteria of Cochrane systematic review guideline, and the reporting quality was assessed using the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) checklist.Results Eleven clinical controlled trials (CCTs) were included. Three were RCTs and eight were quasi-RCTs. The methodological and reporting qualitiy of the included studies was generally low (10 trials ranked Level C, and the maximum CONSORT score was only 17).Conclusions The quality of the CCTs involving microwave therapy for cervical erosion is generally low with a high risk of biases. And the reporting of these trials is also incomplete. Therefore, more randomized controlled trials of high quality are required to provide reliable evidence.
Objective To study the results of in situ microwave thermocoagulation therapy for liver neoplasms. Methods Thirty-one patients (male 28, female 3) with liver neoplasms underwent in situ microwave thermocoagulation therapy in recent 4 years were studied. The time of the therapy arranged from 2 to 6 minutes with the core temperature from 110℃ to 125℃. Twenty six of the thirty one (83.9%) were followed up. Results Ninty point three percent of these patients have a good result. The average survival time after the operation was 19.7 months. One-year and three-year survival rate were 77.4% and 38.7%, respectively. Conclusion The in situ microwave thermocoagulation therapy have the advantages of causing slight trauma, promoting repair, good tolerance and curative effectiveness. It’s a simple, safe and effective method with less adverse effect for treating the liver neoplasms, especially for unresectable neoplasms.
OBJECTIVE To observe the character of local and systemic immune responses in chronic limb lymphedema, and to investigate the effect of microwave on immunological response. METHODS From November 1996 to February 1998, 27 patients with chronic limb lymphedema were adopted in this study. Among them, there were 11 males and 16 females, the average age was 36.6 years. These patients were classified as the experimental group and 10 healthy volunteers as the control group. Before and after microwave heating and bandaging treatment, T and B lymphocyte in peripheral blood and skin infiltrating cells in the patients and volunteers were detected and phenotyped with alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase(APAAP) and avidin biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) immunohistochemical methods respectively. RESULTS There were decreases of CD4+ T lymphocyte and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood and predominant dermal perivascular T lymphocyte infiltration in chronic limb lymphedema patients. After two courses of microwave heating and bandaging treatment, it was found that the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes increased and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was restored to normal levels, and dermal perivascular T lymphocyte infiltration decreased greatly. CONCLUSION Microwave heating and bandaging treatment can modulate the systemic and local immunological imbalance of chronic limb lymphedema.
Objective To observe the protective effects of Na2SeO3 on the damage of retinal neuron induced by microwave. Methods Cultured fluids of retinal neuron were divided into 4 groups,including 1 group of control, according to the concentration of Na2SeO3 in cultured fluid and then exposed to 30 mW/cm2 microwave for 1 hour.The targets of lipid peroxidation and the concentration of selenium in cells were measured.Apoptosis detection was taken by TUNEL detection kit. Results The activity of SOD and GSH-Px rised,meanwhile the content of MDA and the amount of apoptosis cells decreased in 1times;107 mol/L group compared with the group without Na2SeO3.The other groups was superior in antioxdant capacity to 1times;107 mol/L group. Conclusion Na2SeO3 might be possessed of the effect of protecting the damage of retinal neuron induced by microwave. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:97-99)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of lung tumors.MethodsThe clinical data of 31 patients with lung neoplasms treated with MWA from January 2019 to August 2020 in a single center were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 males and 14 females at an age of 63.4±10.4 years. The characteristics of the lesions, technical success rate, technical efficiency, local progression rate, adverse reactions and complications were recorded in detail.ResultsThere were 39 target lesions with an average diameter of 20.2±10.6 mm. A total of 36 MWA procedures were completed. The initial technical success rate was 84.6% (33/39), and the technical efficiency was 92.3% (36/39). The median postprocedure hospital stay was 2.0 (2.0, 3.0) d. A total of 12.9% (4/31) of the patients had local progression, and the local control rate was 87.1%. The main adverse reactions were pain (12/36, 33.3%), cough (6/36, 16.7%), post-ablation syndrome (6/36, 16.7%) and pleural effusion (3/36, 8.3%). The main complications were pneumothorax (11/36, 30.6%), hemorrhage (8/36, 22.2%), cavitation (2/36, 5.6%) and pulmonary infection (1/36, 2.8%). The median follow-up time was 13.0 (8.0, 18.0) months. No patient died during the follow-up.ConclusionMWA is safe and effective in the treatment of lung tumors with controllable complications. Successive researches with large sample, and medium and long-term follow-ups are needed to explore the significance of combined therapies.
Atrial fibrillation （AF） is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and associated with incremental morbidity and mortality. It is implicated that multiple reentry circuits have been the dominant mechanism of AF. The classical surgical treatment for medically refractory AF is the maze procedure composed of aultiple cuts and sutures within the atrial walls to disrupt the abnormal reentry circuits. Although the maze procedure is recognized as the most effective treatment of AF, it is complicated, time consuming and much invasive. New surgical ablation therapy, applying alternate energy sources （cryothermy, radiofrequency, microwave） have evolved to simplify the maze procedure without cut and suture and demonstrated promising success rates. The optimal lesion set has not yet been defined, Modification of lesion sets and techniques that ensure continuous and transmural lesions may improve the outcomes of ablation therapy and recover rate of sinus rhythm.
Abstract Sixty-four cases of upper limb lymphedema following radical operation of carcinoma of breast were treated by microwave therapy. The course of treatment was divided into two stages. Each stage was one hour a day for 20 days. Elastic band was put on the limb betweenevery therapy except the time of sleeping at night. After 1 months to 2 years follow-up, the results showed: symptoms disappeared obviously; the edema had gone down (Plt;0.01). The relapse frequency of erysipelas-like syndrome decreased obviously (Plt;0.01). The skin elasticity restored, and no complication appeared. It was concluded that microwave therapy was an effective conservative treatment in treating upper limb lymphedema following radical operaion of carcinoma of breast.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the irradiating effect of low intensive microwave (LIM) on pathological process of blood vessel restenosis(RS) and assess the probability of LIM irradiation to prevent was used RS.Methods Fortyfour male healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups. Fogarty catheter traumatize to the tunica intima of iliac artery so as to establish RS models. Two thousand four hundred and fifty MHz microwave with different power of 2 ,5 and 10 mW/cm2 was used, locally to irradiate EIA in irradiating group (1 h/d). Specimens were obtained at different time of 3,7,14 and 28 d after operation. Morphological changes of tissues were observed with HE and EF staining and the area of tunica intima, tunica media and the rate of cavity stenosis were analyzed with image analysis system; apoptosis was detected with TUNEL; phenotype and microstructure of VSMC were observed with TEM. Results After microwave irradiating, inflammatory reaction in early period was suppressed, mural thrombus decreased, the proliferation and migration of VSMC depressed, the area of tunica intima and the rate of cavity stenosis obviously reduced comparing with the control group (P＜0.01). The rate of apoptosis cells showed that there were no obvious differences among each group on 3 d after operation (Pgt;0.05). At other different time, however, the rate of apoptosis cells in irradiating groups obviously increased than that of the control group (P＜0.01), particularly in the one with power of 5 mW/cm2 .The number of synthesis form VSMC in the control group occupied (93.50±3.45)% of the total number of VSMC on 14 d after operation. Most of VSMC appear contractile in irradiating group in which a lot of morphological changes of apoptosis in fibroblast and VSMC existed.Conclusion LIM irradiation could obviously prevented from pathologic procedure of RS. After LIM irradiating, inflammatory reaction in early period is suppressed, the proliferation and migration of VSMC depressed. LIM irradiation promotes cell apoptosis, effectively prohibites the occurring and development of RS. LIM irradiation has had relationship between quantity and effect, power span to effectively prohibit RS, particularly in the one with power of 5 mW/cm2.
Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) for metastatic liver cancer. Methods Ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA technique was used to treat 27 cases of hepatic metastases with 69 nodules 〔0.9-13.2 (3.0±2.0) cm in diameter〕. Local therapeutic effect, local and distant recurrence rate and survival rate were evaluated respectively. Results The complete ablation (CA) rate which was used to evaluate the local therapeutic effects was 92.8% (64/69), with 100% (34/34), 92.3%(24/26) and 66.7% (6/9) in a diameter of nodules lt;3.0 cm, 3.0-5.0 cm and ≥5.0 cm respectively. The CA rate was lower in the group of a diameter of nodules ≥5.0 cm as compared with other two groups (Plt;0.05). The local recurrence rate was 9.4% (6/64), with 2.9% (1/34), 16.7% (4/24) and 16.7% (1/6) in a diameter of nodules lt;3.0 cm, 3.0-5.0 cm and ≥5.0 cm respectively. The intrahepatic distant recurrence rate was 44.4% (12/27). The follow-up time after MWA was 3－34 (17.0±8.7) months. During the follow-up period, 6 months, 1 and 2-year cumulative survival rate was 88.9%, 63.0% and 34.4% respectively, with a mean survival time of 17.8 months, and with a median survival time of 19.0 months.Conclusion Percutaneous MWA treatment offers satisfactory local tumoricidal efficacy to metastatic liver cancer and the patients with recurrence and new metastases can be therapy repeatedly to improve long-term survival.