Objective To culture astrocytes of human optic nerve and establish the cell lines for further study of healing process after optic nerve trauma. Methods Astrocytes of infantile optic nerve were cultured by tissue inoculation or tissue digestion with 0.25 % trypsin and 0.06% EDTA. The second and fourth passage cells were stained with HE and anti-GFAP, S-100 protein, vimentin, and CD34 antibodies. Results The trypsinized astrocytes of infantile optic nerver eached confluence in 7 days. The cultured cells were in polygonal shape with processes and the cytoplasm was abundant. These cells were positive in GFAP, S-100 protein and vimentin staining, and negative in CD34 staining. Conclusions Astrocytes of human optic nerve can be successfully cultured by trypsinization rather than tissue inoculation. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:144-146)
Objective:To observe the effects of testosterone on optic nerve an d retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE ). Methods:Fourty one female Wistar rats were randomly divide d into 3 groups: the normal group (10 rats), the untreated control group (15 rats) and the testos terone group (16 rats). The rats in the first two groups were fed with 1% ethano l every day, and the rats in the testosterone group were fed with methyltestoste rone (0.25 mg/kg) every day. On the 20th day, EAE model was induced in the untre ated control group and the testosterone group by injecting guinea pig spinal cor d homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant and bordetella pertussis vaccine. RGC were labeled with flurogold (FG) by injecting it in superior colliculus and lat eral geniculate body 7 days before establishing EAE model. All rats were fed wit h drugs continuously, and after 1430 days, rats in normal group and rats in un t reated control and testosterone groups who had symptoms within 48～72 hours were observed by light microscopy and flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) to detect the functional and morphological changes of optic nerve. The number of RGC was counted by fluorescence microscopy，and apoptosis of RGC was observed by termina l deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling (TUN E L) Results:EAE rats presented weakness or paralysis of tail a nd hind limbs 10 days after establishing EAE model. Compared with the rats in the untreated contr ol group, the rats in the testosterone group had longer disease delitescence and lower clinical score (P=0.042). Extensive demyelination of optic nerves wi th the circuitous configuration was found in the untreated control group; while mild demyelination of optic nerves with regular figure was found in the testosterone group. In the testosterone group, the latency of N1、P and N2 wave was shorter w hile the amplitude ofN1-P and P-N2was higher than that in the untreated cont rol group (Plt;0.05). The number of RGC was (2284plusmn;132), (934plusmn;78, and (1725 plusmn;95)cells/mm2 in the normal, untreated control and testosterone groups, respectively; w hich was higher in testosterone group than that in untreated control group (P=0.028). The number of TUNEL positive cells was (4.02plusmn;0.16), (24.44plusmn;2.22), and (9.84plusmn;2.36) cells per high power field (times;400) in the 3 grou ps, respectively; wh ich was less in testosterone group than that in untreated control group (P＝0.025). Conclusions:Testosterone may reduce the incidence and clinical score of EAE, inhibit the apoptosis of RGC, alleviate the demyelinatio n of optic nerves, and improved the conduction function of optic nerves.
Objective To lay a foundation for study of optic narve damage in glaucoma by measuring the number and diameter of the optic nerve fibers and optic disc area in normal individuals. Methods The cross-sections of the optic nerve and the optic discs in 15 normal human eyes were examined with the use of a computerized image analysis system. Results The mean nerve fiber count was 10.08times;105plusmn;1.61times;105. The mean nerve fiber diameter was (0.99plusmn;0.04)mu;m. The nerve fiber count increased significantly with the increasing of cross-section area of the optic nerve, but the nerve fiber count was independent of the optic dise area. Conclusion This study provided anatomic basis for predicting the prognosis of optic nerve damage and further studyv of nerve damage in glaucoma. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1999,15:16-19)
Objective To observe the ocular manifestations and therapeutic effect of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) with ocular symptoms.Methods The clinical data of 107 patients who was diagnosed with MS and NMO with ocular symptoms in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including 81 MS patients and 26 NMO patients.The counting of erythocytes and leukocyte，protein content and oligoclonal bands were detected by MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in order to ensure the clinical diagnosis with MS and NMO. All the patients had undergone regular ophthalmologic examination of visual acuity，slit lamp microscope and fundus examination.In addition，visual field and visual evoked potential (VEP) examination were performed to analyze the clinical characteristics of ocular manifestations.The patients were received therapy with large dose methylprednisolone or activating blood and dissolving stasis and trophic nerve by chinese medicine. The effects of three methods on ocular manifestations were analyzed. All the patients were followed up for one month to five years. Results Among 81 MS patients，retrobulbar neuritis occurred in 24 patients (29.6%), the other common symptoms included paralytic strabismus and diplopia（30.3%）. Among 26 NMO patients，acute papillitis occurred in 12（46.2%），while retrobulbar neuritis occurred in 14 (53.8%). The most common symptom of both MS and NMO was impaired vision and high abnormal rate. The results of MRI showed that demyelinating lesions beside ventricle was the most performance in MS patients，while abnormalities in spinal cord were found in NMO patients.The results of CSF showed that the positive oligoclonal bands was 75.3% and 19.2% in MS and NMO patients respectively. The potential time delay and (or) amplitude declination were observed by VEP. Large dose methylprednisolone can improve vision and diplopia in a short period.Conclusion The abnormal ocular manifestations of MS and NMO patients are common and complicated. Ocular symptoms has important reference value in the early diagnosis of MS and NMO.
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of oral calcium dobesilate(CaD) on diabetic optic neuropathy (DON).Methods The clinical data of 235 eyes of 235 patients with DON diagnosed by examination of ocular fundus were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the subtypes of DON: anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(AION)group(71 eyes of 71 patients), papilloedema group (71 eyes of 71 patients),and neovascularization of disc (NVD) group (93 eyes of 93 patients).The patients in each groups were randomly subdivided into CaD treating group and control group, in which the patients underwent oral administraion of CaD at a dose of 500 mg twice per day or Vit.E at a dose of 10 mg twice per day,respectively.The course of therapy was 6 months and consecutive 2 courses were performed with the 3-4 days interval between the courses; the courses lasted for 6 months.Several parameters (VFD/V),EA/d,NA/d,LA/d) were semiquantitative analyzed 2,4,6,8 months after initial treatment. Repeated ANOVA measures and t test were used as statistical methods.Results In CaD group,VFD/V (0.25plusmn;0.10),EA/d (0.94plusmn;0.53), and LA/d(1.83plusmn;1.12) 2 months after initial treatment was obviously better than the results before the treatment (0.49plusmn;0.13,1.57plusmn;0.71,3.42plusmn;1.88)(P＜0.001), respectively.VFD/V,EA/d and LA/d in CaD group 2,4,6,and 8 months after initial treatment significantly differed from which in the control group (P＜0.01). There was significant difference of VED/V,EA/d,and LA/d between the CaD and control group during the follow-up period (P＜0.01).At each time point in the followup period, there was no significant difference of NA/d among groups and between the treating and control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion Oral administration of CaD can rapidly and remarkably decrease the extent of visual field defect,relieve optic disc edema and lessen the leakage of NVD.
Objective To analyze the new primary mutation in Chinese people with Leberprime;s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Methods Genomic DNA was collected from 260 suspected LHON patients and 100 normal healthy persons. The mitochondria DNA mutation at nucleotide position (NP) 15257 and the hot spot (14452-14601 bp) of ND6 gene which include the mutations at NP (14482, 14498, 14568, 14596, 14495, and 14459) were screened by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), heteroduplex-single strand conformation polymorphism (HA-SSCP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequencing. Primary mutation spectrum of Chinese race was analyzed. Results Eight kinds of polymorphism of mitochondria DNA were found in 260 suspected LHON patients and 100 normal healthy persons, including NP 14488C, 14518G, and 14617G which hadnrsquo;t been reported (http://www.mitomap.org/). No mutation at NP 15257, 14482, 14498, 14568, 14596, 14495, and 14459 was found. Conclusion The NP 15257A may not be the primary mutation in Chinese. Because of the race difference, 14452-14601 bp in ND6 gene may not be the hot spot in Chinese patients with LHON, and other hot spots may exist. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 82-85)
PURPOSE:To discuss the clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis of peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage(PPSRH). METHOD:Retrospective analysis of the clinical documents including mainly the ocular manifestations and the findings of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)of 37 patients (38 eyes)with PPSRH. RESULTS:In all of these 37 patients,36 were myopes, 31 were young persons ,the average age was 21 years old,and 36 were affected unilaterally. The subretinal hemorrhage revealed itself in 4 types :PPSRH (5 eyes),PPSRH with disc iaemorrhage (21 eyes),PPSRH with vitreous hemorrhage (2 eyes), and PPSRH with disc hemorrhage and vitreous hemorrhage (10 eyes). In the FFA, the hemorrhages showed blocked fluorescence and the optic discs showed irregular hyperfluorescence at the late phase. All of the hemorrhages were absorbed within 3 weeks to 3 months without any treatment. CONCLUSIONS:According to the manifestation of the optic discs in FFA PPSRH might be complicatton of the buried optic disc drusen. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 143-145 ）
Objective To evaluate the relevant factors affecting prognosis of traumatic optic neuropathy. Methods Sixty-nine patients with traumatic optic neuropathy were enrolled. Multiple variable analysis was done to filter the risk factors to prognosis in traumatic optic neuropathy. Results At 3 months or more of followup,no light perception was found in 32 cases (46.4%); visual acuity were increased by≥1 lines in 33 cases (47.8%). The outcome of visual acuity was poorer in patients with the following conditions:no light perception after trauma （P=0.0031）, loss of consciousness （P=0.0262）, no pretreated common-dosage corticosteroids （P=0.0184）, and absence of VEP （P=0.0001）. Conclusion The initial visual acuity of no light perception, loss of consciousness, and no pretreated common-dosage corticosteroids were the risk factors to prognosis in traumatic optic neuropathy,and result of VEP was an effective prognosis indicator in traumatic optic neuropathy. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 98-100)
Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor on the retina during injury and repair of optic nerves in rats. Methods Thirty-five healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 5 in the control group, 15 in the simply transected optic nerve group and 15 in the optic nerve-sciatic nerve anastomosis group. The simply transected and optic nerve-sciatic nerve anastomosed models were set up, and the retinal tissues of all of the rats were taken out after 3, 7 and 14 days, respectively; and the mRNA expression of CNTF in the 3 groups were observed by semiquantitative reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Results A minimum expression of CNTF mRNA was found in the retinae of the control group, and the increased rates of expression were found in the retinae of the simple transection of optic nerve group with the increase rate of 100%, 594%, and 485% on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day respectively after the operation, while in optic nerve-sciatic nerve anastomosis group, the increase rates were found to be 258%, 752% and 515% on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day respectively after the operation. Conclusion Retinal neurons can respond to axonal reaction of retinal ganglion cells by up-regulate endogenous CNTF after the injury of the optic nerves, which may provide a theoretic base for the application of the exogenous CNTF. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：355-357)
Infiltrative optic neuropathy (ION) is characterized by the infiltration of tumor cells or inflammatory cells in the optic nerve and its sheath. ION is rare in clinic practice, and ION caused by direct infiltration or metastasis of malignant tumors is easily misdiagnosed as optic perineuritis or optic neuritis, which means delayed proper treatment and makes patients risking possible side effects of steroid therapy. Currently, ophthalmologists are lack of sufficient knowledge about ION, which contributes to the high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of ION in clinical practice. The diagnosis and treatment of ION have not yet formed systematic standardized guidelines. Therefore, Neuro-ophthalmology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized experts to propose consenus of opinions on definition, diagnosis and treatment of ION, which helps to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment of ION, as well as basic researches about ION.