Objective To observe the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and its correlation with visual field mean defects（MD）in Parkinsonprime;s disease (PD).Methods Fifteen eyes of 15 PD patients in early stage and 18 eyes of 18 normal controls undertook RNFL examination by Stratus OCT3. Circular scans (diameter is 3.46 mm) were taken around the optic nerve head including eight quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, temporalsuperior, temporalinferior, nasalsuperior and nasalinferior). The RNFL thickness in different quadrants in the two groups was analyzed. The visual field of PD patients was measured by central 302 program of Humphery750 visual field analyzer, and the MD was recorded. The correlation between RNFL thickness and MD was analyzed by linear correlation and regression analysis.Results RNFL thicknesses of superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, temporalsuperior, temporalinferior, nasalsuperior, nasalinferior and average RNFL thickness in the control group were (132.7plusmn;17.4), (141.5plusmn;15.3) ,（83.2plusmn;17.5）, (83.7plusmn;22.3) ,（120.8plusmn;21.2）, (117.9plusmn;24.5) ,（109.6plusmn;20.6）,（110.2plusmn;27.7）, and（109.9plusmn;8.5）mu;m respectively, while in the PD group they were (128.1plusmn;25.3) , (128.6plusmn;13.2) , (68.7plusmn;13.5) , (76.5plusmn;17.8) ,（102.6plusmn;23.7）, (103.3plusmn;14.1) ,（101.2plusmn;20.9）,（96.6plusmn;15.0）,（102.3plusmn;11.9） mu;m. Compared with each other, the differences of RNFL thickness of inferior, temporal, temporalsuperior, temporalinferior and average RNFL thickness were statistically significant（t=2.595，2.700，2.330，2.153，2.131；P=0.014，0.011，0.026，0.040，0.041）. There was a close negative relationship between average RNFL thickness and MD in PD patients (r=-0.933，P＜0.0001). Conclusions RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in PD patients than that in the normal controls. There was a negative relationship between RNFL thickness and MD in PD patients.
Objective To evaluate the application of tendency-oriented perimetry (TOP) in detecting the visual function of glaucoma. Methods The traditional threshold perimetry (Normal/Normal strategy) and TOP (TOP/Normal strategy) carried out by Octopus 101 perimetry were used to examine the visual field of 20 normal subjects (20 eyes), 32 cases (32 eyes) of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 14 cases (14 eyes) of suspected POAG, respectively. The visual field outcomes, indices, point by point threshold variability and defective points of the two perimetries were compared and analysed. Results The negative rate of TOP was 90% in normal subjects. The positive rate of TOP was 75% in POAG , and 100% in middle and late stage of POAG. The visual field indices of two perimetries were positively correlated, with mean sensitivity (MS) of r=0.9335, mean defect (MD) of r=0.9189, and loss variance (LV) of r=0.9621. The point by point threshold variability and defective points of TOP were higher than those of traditional threshold perimetry, but the difference between the two perimetries was not significant (P=0.2019, P=0.4448). Conclusion The visual field indices of TOP and traditional threshold perimetry are positively correlated. The sensitivity and reproducibility of TOP are high in detecting the visual function of middle and late stage of POAG. (Chin J Ocul Fundus,Dis, 2002, 18: 269-272)
Objective To observe the results of multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) examination in patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) before and ater treatment, and to probe its clinical significance. Methods A total of 90 patients (90 eyes) with AION were examined by mfVEP; the secondorder reaction of mfVEP was analyzed.The reaction was divided into upper and lower hemi field of visual field, or 1/4 quadrant visual field (superior nasal, inferior nasal, superior temporal, and inferior temporal). The sum of waves of each response was analyzed and the results in various regions were compared.The features of wave configuration was compared between the AION eyes and the contralateral eye, and between the AION eyes before and after treatment.Results The amplitude and latency of P-wave of mfVEP was 0.198plusmn;0.033 and 100.197plusmn;7.354 respectively in AION eyes before treatment, and was 0.271plusmn;0.024 and 98.567plusmn;6.794 in the contralateral eyes; the difference was significant (t=16.556,18.330; Plt;0.01). The amplitude and latency of P-wave of mfVEP was 0.229plusmn;0.016 and 100.104plusmn;10.603 respectively in AION eyes after treatment, which differed much from that before the treatment (t=13.649, 8.858; Plt;0.01) and also from that of the contralateral eyes (t=13.649，8.858；P＜0.01). ConclusionsThe amplitude and latency of P-wave of mfVEP may accurately reflect the recovery of local optic nerve damage in AION eyes before and after treatment with good repeatability. AION can be used as a new method for AION diagnosis and detection of the prognosis.
Objective To observe the results of function MRI and perimetry in patients with visual pathway diseases.Methods Three patients (6 eyes) with pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma diagnosed via pathological examination and three healthy volunteers aged from 24 to 30 were collected. The best corrected visual acuity was nonlight perception1.0 in the 6 sick eyes and 1.0 in the healthy eyes; all the involved individuals had no other ocular diseases except myopia and without any contraindications of MRI. Common tests including the best visual acuity, fundus test by direct or indirect ophthalmoscope, center static visual field tested by Octopus 101 perimeter, program 32, tendency oriented perimetry were performed. The visual stimulation subtended a field of view of about 12 degrees，consisted of high contrast and drifting checkerboards. MRI parameters: GE signa VH/i 30T scanner. Functional data: GRE-EPI sequence，20 slices lying perpendicular to the calcarine sulcus. Anatomical data was obtained using 3DSPGR sequence to acquire high resolution. The cortical surface was unfolded and then cut and inflated. Functional data was presented to the inflated surface and subsequently analyzed by AFNI software.Results In six eyes, three had temporal defects, two had upper temporal visual field defects, and the other one did not finish the visual field test. The retinotopic representations of health adults were obtained by using the phaseencoded visual stimulation. The Eccentricity coordinate maps showed that foveal representations lay in the occipital poles and the representations appeared further anterior as eccentricity increased. The polar angle coordinate maps showed that early retinotopically organized areas had a representation of visual field. The visual cortex beneath the calcarine sulcus matched with the upper visual field of the opposite side and which upon the calcarine sulcus matched with the under visual field of the opposite side. Less or no visual cortex response was revealed in the patients′ function MRI or the response in injury side was vanished. The visual cortex response related with the visual field defects could not be induced in function MRI.Conclusion There is a good correlation between function MRI data and the results of perimetric evaluation. The function MRI can show the visual cortex response correlated with the visual field defects of the patients with visual pathway diseases.
Objective To study the retinal light sensitivity of central visual field in normal children. Methods The QZS-Ⅱ automated perimetry was used to assess the visual field of centro-30deg;and centro-6deg; in normal or ametropic eyes in 60 eyes of 5～9 years old children. Results The mean sensitivity(MS)was not influenced by sex,age and laterality and ametropia of the eye.The normal type of dB distribution was obviously higher than the abnormal(P＜0.01).We set normal range as 30deg;MS＞19.3 dB, 6deg;MS＞22.5 dB.The abnormality of value or distribution didnprime;t appear in the same field. Conclusions In normal children,the dB distribution of visual field was mainly of the normal type.We suggest that in evaluating function of visual filed of the children,the dB distribution of centro-30deg;and centro-6deg;field and the value of MS should be included. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 137-138)
Objective To evaluate the effects of cold provoca tion on optic dise blood flow and retinal light sensitivity of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients,and explore the relationship between the changes of optic disc blood flow and retin al light sensitivity. Methods A total 33 POAG patients (33 eyes)and 13 normal controls (13 eyes) were tested by usin g th e Heidelberg retinal flowmetry (HRF) and Topcon automatic perimeter,and the optic disc blood flow and retinal light sensitivity of POAG patients and normal cont rols were measured at normal conditions and after cold provocation. Results The mean optic disc blood flow,volume and the mean retinal light sensitivity of POAG patients decreased significantly (Plt;0.05) after cold provocation.There was a linear and significant relationsh ip between the decrease of mean optic disc blood flow and mean retinal light sen sitivity of POAG patients (r=0.615,P＜0.001). The optic disc blood flow of POAG patients with a history of migraine were more likely to r educe in response to cold provocation and reduced much more than those without such history (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Cold provocation can significantly reduce both the optic disc blood flow and retinal light sensitivity in POAG patients.A close correlation was fo und between the amount of mean optic disc blood flow decrease and the volume of mean retinal light sensitivity decline. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:37-40)
PURPOSE:To approach the changes of visual function by using the dense matrix mapping in macula(DMMM)in patients with age-related macular degenerationl(AMD). METHODS:The DMMM was designed using Humphrey-640,thee study included 51 patients(71 eyes)in dry type,AMD,23 patients(27 eyes)in wet type and 16 normal elderly(21 eyes). RESULTS:In 2.5 degree of macula:the mean light sensitivity(MLS)was 35.61plusmn;1.37 in normal elderly.33.30plusmn;2. 49 in dry type group and 20.67plusmn;8.30 in wet type group,and differences were highly significant statistically among them. In S degree the MLS is 34.93plusmn;1.46 in normal elderly.32.95plusmn;1.82 in dry type group, 22.11plusmn;7.74 in wet type group ,and the differences were highly significant statistically among them. CONCLUSIONS:The MLS of DMMM declined at early stage of dry type AMD and there was relatively high sensitivity of MLS of DMMM in evaluating the visual function in early AMD. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 217-219 ）
Objective To determine the correlation between central macular thickness (CMT) and the visual function in patients iwht macular edema (ME). Methods The clinical data of 42 eyes of 40 patients with ME which were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and microperimetry (MP-1) were retrospectively analyzed. In 40 patients (42 eyes), diabetic ME (DME) was in 27 eyes，branch retinal vein occlusion was in 11eyes, and central retinal vein occlusion was in 4 eyes. All of the eyes had undergone OCT，MP-1 and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) test. Central macular thickness (CMT) was measured by fast macular scans using OCT. Retinal sensitivity (MS) and fixation patterns were evaluated by Mp-1. The position was chosen :2 disc diameters (DD) temporal to the disc and one third of a DD inferior to the centre of the disc. Results The correlation between CMT and BCVA is not significant (r＝－0.429，P=0.069) as well as the correlation between CMT and MS (r＝－0.433，P=0.058). The difference of CMT between the unstable and stable group was significant (F=3.262, P=0.039）. The difference of CMT between the central fixation group and preferred retinal locus (PRL) group was significant (F=3.173, P=0.044). Conclusions BCVA and MS have no significant correlation with CMT. When CMT increases, the fixation stability decreases, fixation location.changes, and PRL occurs.
Objective To study the significance of detection the short-term fluctuation (SF) of macular light threshold detected by Octopus-123 automatic perimeter in suspected early age-related macular dege-neration (AMD). Methods SF of macular light sensitivity, Amsler chart and central visual acuity were examined in 51 patients(66 eyes) with suspected early AMD group and in 32 patients (40 eyes) in the control group. Results SF were significantly different in suspected early AMD group and control group. SF was more sensitive than the examination of central visual acuity and Amsler chart. SF was related to the quantity, location and quality of drusen. Conclusion Visual function of some suspected early AMD patients with drusen may be damaged, though the central visual acuity appears normal. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 119-120)
Objective To observe the fixation features of foveoschisis in pathological myopia patients. Methods 36 patients (42 eyes) with gt;6.00 D myopic degree and foveoschisis who diagnosed by optical coherence tomography were included. The patients were divided into foveoschisis with retinal detachment group (11 eyes), foveoschisis with macular hole group (12 eyes) and only foveoschisis group (19 eyes). Micro-perimeter MP-1 was used to identify the fixation location and fixation stability. Results The eccentric fixation were formed above the fovea in the foveoschisis with retinal detachment and foveoschisis with macular hole group, the fixation location was formed on fovea in the only foveoschisis group. The fixation stability of the foveoschisis with retinal detachment, foveoschisis with macular hole and only foveoschisis group were (23plusmn;4)%,(59plusmn;6)%,(91plusmn;11)% respectively, the difference was statistically significant (F=243.47，P＜0.01). Conclusions The fixation location is formed on fovea in the patients with foveoschisis in pathological myopia. The eccentric fixation is formed above the fovea in the patients who has foveoschisis with retinal detachment and macular hole in pathological myopia.