Prevention and treatment of traumatic neuroma by implanting the proximal neural stump into the muscle were studied. Sixteen SD rats were used for the experimental study. The proximal stump of the left sciatic nerve was implanted into the nearby muscle as the experiment side, whereas the proximal stump of the right sciatic nerve was left untreated as the control side. The results were assessed with histological and electrophysiological methods. The experiment demonstrated that neuroma was formed in the control side one month postoperatively, whereas in the experimental side the nerve fibers were dispersed among the muscle fibers and no definite neuroma was formed. Implantation of neural stump into muscle could prevent and treat traumatic neuroma.
Skin cancers are the most common cancers, and are usually the most curable cancers as well. Recent evidence from Cochrane systematic review and randomized controlled trial (RCT) showed that protecting from over-exposure to radiation from the sun is the main way that can lower the risk of skin cancer. Surgery and radiotherapy are the standard treatments for basic cell cancer (BCC), but cosmetic results are better from surgery. Imiquimod cream may be effective for superficial and low-risk BCCs and causes little or no scarring, but more research is needed on this and other drug alternatives. Cryotherapy (freezing) is an alternative to surgery, but surgery is better for preventing recurrence of BCCs. Photodynamic (light) therapy and lasers might be able to remove some BCCs with less scarring, but may not be as effective as surgery to prevent recurrence.
As a global accidental injury, drowning has a huge spiritual and economic impact on patients, families and society. In order to improve the quality of pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency treatment of drowning, improve the prognosis, improve survival rate, and reduce the burden of drowning, in 2016, the Wilderness Medical Society drafted practice guidelines related to drowning. The first update of this guide was released in June 2019. The updated guide covers the terms of drowning, rescue and resuscitation, emergency treatment, preventive measures and other aspects. This article interprets the updated guidelines in order to provide recommendations for the first aid of drowning.
Objectives To analyze the effect of improved oven for defluorination in coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas in China, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of fluorosis. Methods Electronic databases including CNKI, CBM, VIP and CDMD-D (1989 to 2005), were searched. We also checked the reference lists of relevant articles. We selected relevant articles according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality was assessed . Data on room heat preservation and the effect of improved oven for defluorination were collected in the surveillance spots of Three Gorges Reservoir. Correlation analyses were conducted between the improved oven and its effect parameters. Results Twelve articles of low quality met the selection criteria, of which 9 were graded C and 3 were graded D in terms of the methodological quality. A negative correlation was found between the decreasing rate of normal oven use and the decreasing rate of dental fluorosis as well as of urine fluorine (Pearson correlation coefficient r = – 0.87, – 0.63, Plt;0.01, lt;0.05, respectively). Analysis also revealed a positive correlation between room heat preservation and the decreasing rate of dental fluorosis as well as of normal oven use (the two Spearman correlation coefficients and P values were the same: r = –1.00, Plt;0.01). Conclusion High-quality studies on the effect of improved oven for defluorination in China are not available. Based on the current evidence, the improved oven for defluorination and the correct use, maintenance and house rebuilding for heat preservation may help to prevent fluorosis.
ObjectiveTo discuss the clinical characteristics, treatment and prevention of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). MethodsA retrospective analysis of 295 cases of AWE from February 2007 to August 2011 in our hospital was performed. ResultsAll of the patients had abdominal operations before and 99% of them had a history of caesarean section. The mean age of the patients was (31.55±4.52) years old. The average size of the mass was (2.66±1.12) cm, significantly larger than the estimation of ultrasonography before operation which was (1.91±0.83) cm (P<0.001). No relapse was discovered five months to three years after the operation. ConclusionIt is easy to diagnose abdominal wall endometriosis through medical history, clinical characteristics, physical signs and ultrasonic assessment. The prevention of AWE is very important. Operation is still the best treatment for AWE.
Thirty seven rabbits were randomly divided into three groups fed with different feeds,the basic feed group as a control,high cholesterol group(feed containing 1.2% cholesterol)and high cholesterol feed added to Dong Li San which is a chinese medicine that can promote the contracition of gallbladder.All animals were fed with the corresponding feeds for four weeks.The results showed that 12 out of 14 rabbits in the high cholesterol group developed gallstone and 2 of 10 rabbits in the high cholesterol and Dong Li San feeding group had gallstone formation.The latter showed much higher emptying rate of gallbladder,lower level of mucin in the bile and much lower resistance to the cystic duct than those of the former.The results suggest that Dong Li San can effectively prevent gallstone formation by promoting gallbladder contraction ,reducing mucin in bile,decreasing cystic duct resistance and promoting the emptying capacity of gallbladder.
ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors for hospital infection in the medical physical examination center of a newly opened hospital, and to explore its prevention and control measures. MethodsBetween April and December 2012, we analyzed the risk factors for hospital infection in the physical examination center of a new hospital. A series of hospital infection prevention and control measures such as carrying out education and training of medical personnel, strengthening the prevention of needle stick injuries, implementing strict disinfection and sterilization, improving environmental hygiene, and implementing medical waste management, were developed. ResultsMedical staff's knowledge of disinfection and sterilization was improved; hand hygiene compliance was increased; hospital environmental hygiene was promoted, and medical waste was properly sorted out. ConclusionTaking reasonable measures for infection prevention and control can increase medical staff's awareness of hospital infection prevention and control, improve their practices of infection control and prevent hospital infections from occurring eventually.
Objective To determine the ability of the polyactic acid glue (PLA-G) in preventing epidural adhesion after laminectomy. Methods Each of the 24 randomly selected rats was done laminectomyof L2 and L5. The PLA-G, which would change from liquid to solid when meets with serum, was used in the epidural site of L5 to become a half-solid membrane(the experimental group, EG). The PLA-G was not used in the same site of L2(the control group, CG) .The gross anatomical, histological, and microscopical evaluation were made 2，4，6，8，10 and 12 weeks after operation; electron microscope observation was also made on two rats 4 weeks after operation(both EG and CG). Results Obvious epidural space was observed between dura mater and scar tissue(ST), but no cells in the epidural space were observed inEG 2 weeks after operation. Corps of the red cells between dura mater and ST and proliferation of fibroblast cell(FB) were observed in CG 2 weeks after operation. Some remaining glue shiver in the epidural space with lightly increasing fibroblast and smooth dura mater were observed in EG 4 weeks after operation. However, fragile scar conglutinated with dura mater diffusely and more FB were observed in CG. From the 6th week to the 12th week, a potential interspace between scar and dura mater was observed and PLA glue was absorbed completely in EG. However, tougher scar, which was very difficult to dissect from dura mater and surrounding tissues, was observed. According to the fibroblast ultrastructure observation, bigger nucleus and more plentiful rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in CG. Conclusion The PLA-G can effectively reduce the epidural scar and adhesion in animal experiment.
ObjectiveTo explore the causes and prevention measures of the cracking of skin tissue expander applied for ear deformity surgery. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of the patients who underwent ear reconstruction surgery with skin tissue expander which cracked during water injection after surgery between January 2013 and March 2015. And then we analyzed the causes and summarized the preventive measures, such as strengthening health education, protective ear cap application, and correct water injection. ResultsWe collected a total of 149 patients including 153 deformity ears, and 151 skin tissue expanders were used. Skin tissue expander cracking occurred in 7 ears during water injection after surgery with an incidence of 4.64%. Among the seven cases, 5 cases of cracking occurred in the late water injection period when the skin flap size was almost close to expectations; these 5 patients underwent stage-two surgery after the expanders were taken out, and the results were satisfactory. The other 2 ears had expander cracking in the early water injection period, so we took out the skin tissue expander and implanted it again, and the second phase surgery was also satisfactory. The third-stage surgery for the seven cases was all successful. After the third-stage surgery, all patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months, and the outcomes were satisfying without any complications. ConclusionTo reduce or avoid skin tissue expander cracking, we should master strict terms of water injection and take effective health education and preventive measures.