OBJCTIVE :To investigate the fundus ocu]i changes in hypnxie isehemic encepbalnpa ally(HIE)of new[x,rns. METHODS:One hundred and two newblt;~rns suffered from HIE were investi- gated to observe lhe pathological neular fundus changes by di~et ophthabnoseopy after mydria~s. RE- SULTS:Seventy seven ca.~s(154 eyes)were found to have ophthalmoscopic changes in the ~ular fundi including papilledema .white retina vaseolar abnormality and hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS:In clinical view .the severity of HIE depends on the pathological ebanges of the brain .and ftmdus ahnormalby will be very often in middle and .~vere sufforers of HIE.
Objective To observe the expression of p53, bcl-2 genes, vascular endothelial cell growth factor（VEGF）, basic fibroblast growth factor（bFGF）, insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I）, and the receptors of these factors of retinal vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of 1- to 20-week diabetic rats, and the relationship between the expressions and cell cycle arrest.Methods Retinal sections of diabetic rats induced by alloxan were immunohistochemically stained and observed by light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Dot blotting and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of mRNA, proteins of p53 and bcl-2. Results Under LM, immunohistochemical positive expression of p53 and bcl-2 were found on the vessels of ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer of retinae of 8- to 20-week diabetic rats; under EM, these substances were observed depositing in VECs. The retinal VECs also expressed VEGF, bFGF, IGF-I and their receptors. There was no positive expression of other cell types in these retinae, all cell types of retinae in control group, or all cells of retinae of diabetic rats with the course of disease of 1 to 6 weeks. The result of dot blotting revealed that retinal tissue of 20-week diabetic rat expressed p53 and bcl-2 mRNA, and the result of Western blotting revealed that they also expressed p53 and bcl-2 proteins. But retinal tissues of control group did not. Positive expression of bax was not found in the retinae in control group or 1- to 20-week diabetic rats. Conclusion p53, bcl-2 may introduce cell cycle arrest of VECs of retinae in 8- to 20-week diabetic rats. High glucose might stimulate the expression of VEGF, bFGF, IGF-I and their receptors, and the growth factors may keep VECs surviving by self-secretion. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：29-33)
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 25G illumination aided scleral buckling surgery for treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods This is a retrospective case control study. Fifty-seven RRD patients (57 eyes) were enrolled in this study. There were 35 males (35 eyes) and 22 females (22 eyes). The patients were randomly divided into ophthalmoscope group (29 patients, 29 eyes) and illumination group (28 patients, 28 eyes). There was no differences in the data of gender, age, onset time, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and information of retinal tears between the two groups (P＞0.050). The patients in the ophthalmoscope group received operation of conventional scleral buckling with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. The patients in the illumination group received scleral buckling surgery with the aid of intraocular illumination and noncontact wide-angle viewing system. The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 12 months. The BCVA, intraocular pressure, fundus examination and complications were observed and recorded. Results The difference of operation time between two groups was significant (t=2.124, P=0.031). In the ophthalmoscope group, 26 eyes (89.7%) achieved retinal reattachment, 3 eyes (10.3%) failed in retinal reattachment. In the illumination group, 26 eyes (92.8%) achieved retinal reattachment, 2 eyes (7.2%) failed in retinal reattachment. There was no difference of retinal reattachment rate (P=1.000). Five eyes failed in retinal reattachment, 3 eyes received sclera buckling surgery, 2 eyes received vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade. The final reattachment ratios were both 100%. BCVA increased in both groups compared with pre-surgery BCVA (t=4.529, 5.108; P＜0.001). The difference of BCVA between two groups was not significant (t=0.559, P=0.458). There was no significant difference of intraocular pressure and complications before and after surgery in both two groups (t=−1.386, −1.437; P=0.163, 0.149). The difference of intraocular pressure between two groups was not significant (t=0.277, P=0.730). Subretinal hemorrhage occurred in 1 eye in the ophthalmoscope group. There was no iatrogenic retinal break, choroidal hemorrhage and endophthalmitis in the two groups. Conclusion 25G intraocular illumination aided buckling surgery for treatment of RRD is fast, safe and effective.
The activities and distributions of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),malic dehydrogenase(MDH),lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase(AKP) in retinal vessels were studied and observed with enzymatic histochemical techniques. The retinal vessels showed a b LDH activity, moderate SDH and MDH activity. The dehydrogenase activity described above was evenly and equally distributed in the microvasculature between arterioles and venules, and was the best in arteries. AKP showed predominant activity in the endothelial cells of capillaries and arterioles which were stained bly. No activity for ACP observed in the retinal vessels. The observations above indicate that the retinal vessels are metabolically active and have a great capacity for glycolysis. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1992,8:6-9）
Objective To probe the clinical feature and complications of extraction of silicon oil after operation of simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in child patients. Methods The clinical materials of 22 patients (22 eyes) of child patients (5~14 years old) and 11 cases (11 eyes) of adult patients with simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachment undergone surgical treatment and subsequent retraction of silicon oil tampon, were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. The reasons of extraction silicon tampon, ocular complications of intrao cular silicon tamponade and the changes of visual acuity pre- and post-extraction of silicon tamponade in above 2 groups were explored. Results The main reason for the extraction and complications of silicon oil tamponade were similar in both groups. The rate of occurrence of the complications in either group rose as time went on . There was no significant difference in change of visual acuity between two groups after the extraction of silicon oil tampon. Conclusion The responses to silicon oil after the operation for simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is quite similar in either children or adult patients,and there is no obvious difference between child and adult patients in the results of silicon oil extraction. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2000，16：139-212)
Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of draining subretinal fluid with transchoroidal probing by using the traditional needling and diode endolaser probing. Methods The investigation included 70 consecutive patients(74 eyes) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment undergoing scleral buckling surgery.Seventy cases were randomly divided into 2 groups,group A 34 cases(36 eyes)with the needle drainage procedure and group B 36 cases(38 eyes) with the diode probe respectively.The safety and efficacy were compared in between the 2 groups. Results No operative failure was found in these 2 groups.In group A,subretinal hemorrhage occurred in 3 eyes,and retinal incarceration,retinal preforation in one eye. No significant complication occurred in group B. Conclusion Diode laser drainage has the advantage in that it may reduce the incidence of operative complication with drainage.This technique might be used in any case requiring drainage of subretinal fluid especially of rhegmat ogenous retinal detachment in cases of shallow retinal detachment. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:202-203)
Objective：To observe the protective effect of ginkgo bilo ba extrac t (EGb 761), a free radical scavenger, on the photoreceptor cells after lighti nduced retinal damage. Methods：Seventytwo female SpragueDa wley (SD) rats we re randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, lightinduced retinal da m age model group, model+physiological saline group, and model+EGb 761 group, with 18 rats in each group. All of the rats except the ones in the control group were exposed to white light at (2740plusmn;120) lx for 6 hours after the dark adap tation for 24 hours to set up the lightinduced retinal damage model. Rats in m o del + physiological saline group and model+EGb 761 group were intraperitoneall y injected daily with physiological saline and 0.35% EGb 761 (100 mg/kg), respec tively 7 days before and 14 days after the light exposure. Apoptosis of photorec eptor cells was detected 4 days after light exposure; 7 and 14 days after light exposure, histopathological examination was performed and the layer number of ou ter nuclear layers (ONL) on the superior and inferior retina was counted. Results：Four days after light exposure, the apoptosis of photorecep tor cells was fou nd on ONL in model, model+ physiological saline and model+EGb 761 group, and w as obviously less in model + EGb 761 group than in model and model+physiologic al saline group. Seven days after light exposure, the layers of ONL on the super ior retina were 3 to 4 in model and model+physiological saline group, and 7 to 8 in model+EGb 761 group; the mean of the layer number of ONL in model+EGb 761 group (6.92plusmn;0.82) was less than that in normal control group (8.40plusmn;0.95) (t=-1.416, P＜0.05), but significantly more than that in model (5.96 plusmn;1.36 ) and model+physiological saline group (5.90plusmn;1.40）（t=1.024, 1.084; P＜0.05). Fourteen days after light exposure, the layers of ONL on the superior retina were 0 to 1 in model and model+physiological saline group, and 3 to 4 i n model+EGb 761 group. The mean of the layer number of ONL in model+EGb 761 group (5.5 2plusmn;1.06) was significantly more than that in model (3.44plusmn;2.15) and model + physiological saline group (3.37plusmn;1.91) (t=2.082, 2.146, P＜0.05). Conclusion：EGb 761 can partially inhibit the apoptosis of pho toreceptor cells, thus exert protective effect on photoreceptor cells.
Objective To observe whether theograde axial flow of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in diabetic rats at the early stage was damaged. Methods Diabetic model was induced by streptozotocin in 6 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats. Fluorogold (FG) was injected to the superior colliculi 4 weeks later.Streched preparation of retina was made 12 and 72 hours after the injection, and was stained after photographed by fluorescent microscope. The proportion of RGC with different sizes labeled by FG was calculated. Other 6 normal adult male SD rats were in the control group. Results Twelve hours after injection with FG, there was no difference of the total number of RGC in experimental and control group, but the ratio of small RGC was lower in experimental group than that in the control group; 72 hours after injection with FG, The number of RGC, especially the small RGC, decreased obviously in experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion The speed of the retrograde axial flow of RGC in diabetic rats at the early stage is affected, and the small RGC are damageable. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 4-6)
Objective To evaluate the clinical features of macular retinoschisis (MRS) and macular retinal detachment without hole (MRDH) in highly myopic eyes. Methods The clinical data of 19 patients (24 eyes) with MRS and MRDH from 186 patients (349 eyes) with high myopia were retrospectively analyzed. All of the patients had undergone the examinations of subjective refraction, binocular indirect ophthalmoscope, slit lamp microscope combined with Goldmann threemirror contact lens, fundus images, A/Bscan ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results In 349 eyes, 24 (6.9％) had MRS and (or) MRDH at the posterior pole. The results of ocualr fundus examinations showed that all of the 24 eyes (100%) had posterior scleral staphyloma (PS), 2 (8.3%) had vitreomacular traction (VMT), 2 (8.3%) had macular local superficial retinal detachment, and 1 (4.2%) had fullthickness macular hole. The results of Bscan ultrasonography also indicated PS in all 24 eyes (100%), macular local superficial retinal detachment in 7 (29.2%) with a bowlike configuration formed by the detached retina and the coneshaped roof of PS, and VMT in 2 (8.3%). The results of OCT revealed macular outerlayer retinoschisis (ORS) in 22 eyes (91.7%) in which 8 (36.4%) also had macular innerlayer retinoschisis (IRS); MRDH in 5 eyes (20.8%) in which ORS was found in 3 (60.0%) and simplex MRDH in 2 (40.0%) including 1 with VMT; VMT in 13 eyes (54.2%); cystoid macular edema (CME) in 3 eyes (12.5%); and lamellar macular hole in 4 eyes (16.7%). Conclusions MRS and MRDH are common complications in highly myopic eyes with posterior scleral staphyloma.OCT is more sensitive and accurate in detecting MRS and MRDH than routine ophthalmoscopic examination and B-scan ultrasonography.