ObjectiveTo detect the expression and function of Kv1.3 channel in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, and to explore the possibility of Kv1.3 channel blockers in treating chronic airway inflammation in patients with COPD.MethodsT lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of COPD patients and healthy controls. Then the mRNA and protein levels of Kv1.3 were detected in T cells. The effects of Kv1.3 channel inhibitors ShK on T cell proliferation and the production of interleukin 2 were detected.ResultsThe Kv1.3 level of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in patients with COPD was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. ShK significantly inhibited the proliferation and interleukin 2 production ability of T lymphocytes.ConclusionsKv1.3 may play important roles in inflammation in COPD. Selective blocking of Kv1.3 channels may be one of the future treatment for COPD.
ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy, safety, and problems of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their combination with other therapies in treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodThe relevant literatures on the clinical trials of ICIs and their combination therapy in patients with advanced HCC in recent years were collected and reviewed.ResultsThe therapeutic effects of programmed death receptor 1 and its ligands and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 monoclonal antibodies in clinical trials of patients with advanced HCC were better, but the therapeutic effect of single drug was limited. Double immunotherapy and its combination with anti-angiogenesis inhibitors, molecular targeted drugs, and local therapy might make patients achieve more remarkable therapeutic effects, especially in combination with anti-angiogenesis inhibitors.ConclusionICIs could remarkably improve survival prognosis of patients with advanced HCC, combined immunotherapy has better survival benefits.
ObjectiveTo detect the expression of Liver X receptors (LXRs), protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Smad2 in peripheral blood of bronchial asthma patients, and to explore whether LXRs and PPM1A are related to airway remodeling.MethodsSubjects were divided into healthy control group, mild and moderate asthma group and severe asthma group, with 30 subjects each. Lung function and high-resolution computed tomography examination were performed on patients with bronchial asthma to define airway remodeling. Peripheral blood was extracted and the serum levels of LXRα, LXRβ, PPM1A, TGF-β1 and Smad2 were detected after centrifugation. Then the data were analyzed.ResultsThe airway remodeling level of the mild and moderate asthma group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The airway remodeling level of the severe asthma group was significantly higher than that of the mild and moderate asthma group. Serum LXRα, LXRβ in asthma group were higher than those in the control group. The levels of LXRα and LXRβ in severe asthma were higher than those in mild and moderate asthma group. There was no significant correlation between LXRs and airway remodeling. The PPM1A level in mild and moderate asthma group was lower than that in the control group. The levels of PPM1A in severe asthma were lower than that in mild and moderate asthma group. PPM1A level was negatively correlated with airway remodeling.ConclusionsThe level of PPM1A in asthma patients is lower than that in healthy subjects, and is negatively correlated with the degree of airway remodeling. Serum LXRs in asthmatic patients are higher than that in healthy subjects, but LXRs are not significantly correlated with airway remodeling.
Heart failure (HF) is the end-stage of all cardiac diseases, characterized by high prevalence, high mortality, and heavy social and economic burden. Early warning of HF exacerbation is of great value for outpatient management and reducing readmission rates. Currently, remote dynamic monitoring technology, which captures changes in hemodynamic and physiological parameters of HF patients, has become the primary method for early warning and is a hot research topic in clinical studies. This paper systematically reviews the progress in this field, which was categorized into invasive monitoring based on implanted devices, non-invasive monitoring based on wearable devices, and other monitoring technologies based on audio and video. Invasive monitoring primarily involves direct hemodynamic parameters such as left atrial pressure and pulmonary artery pressure, while non-invasive monitoring covers parameters such as thoracic impedance, electrocardiogram, respiration, and activity levels. These parameters exhibit characteristic changes in the early stages of HF exacerbation. Given the clinical heterogeneity of HF patients, multi-source information fusion analysis can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of early warning models. The results of this study suggest that, compared with invasive monitoring, non-invasive monitoring technology, with its advantages of good patient compliance, ease of operation, and cost-effectiveness, combined with AI-driven multimodal data analysis methods, shows significant clinical application potential in establishing an outpatient management system for HF.