Objective The article introduces the present status of the application of comparative proteomics in study of tumor marker. Methods This essay review the present status and advances of the application of comparative proteomics in study of tumor marker through refer considerable literatures about proteome, proteomics and tumor marker. Results Follow the study of human genome deepening; the paradox between the finiteness of genes’ number and stability of genes’ structure and the variety of the life phenomena is more conspicuous. Then, the study of proteomics was pushed to the advancing front of life science research. The application of comparative proteomics to tumor research becomes a hot spot nowadays. Conclusion Screening tumor marker via comparative proteomics is an extremely promising research.
To study the expressions of CA19-9 and CA125 and their clinicopathologic significancesin gallbladder adenocarcinoma , pericancerous tissues and chronic cholecystitis. Methods EnVisionTM immunohistochemist ry was used for assaying the expressive levels of CA1929 and CA125 in the routinely paraffin2embedded sections of specimens f rom gallbladder adenocarcinoma ( n = 108) , pericancerous tissues ( n = 46) , and chronic cholecystitis ( n = 35) . Results The positive rates of CA19-9 and CA125 were significantly higher in gallbladder adenocarcinoma ( 49. 1 % , 51. 9 %) than those in pericancerous tissues ( 26. 1 % , 15. 2 %) and chronic cholecystitis(14. 3 % , 5. 7 %) , respectively ( Plt; 0. 01) . The positive rates of CA19-9 and CA125 were significantly lower in thecases of adenomatous canceration , maximal diameter lt; 2 cm , no-metastasis of lymph node and no-invasion of regional tissues than those in the ones of low-differentiated adenocarcinoma , maximal diameter ≥2 cm , metastasis oflymph node and invasion of regional tissues ( Plt; 0. 05 , Plt; 0. 01 ) . The consistence of CA19-9 and CA125 expressivelevels was found in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (χ2 = 44. 69 , Plt; 0. 01) . Conclusion The expressions of CA19-9 andCA125 may be important tumor markers to reflect the carcinogenesis , progression , biological behaviors and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
ObjectiveTo explore the values of CA19-9, CA242, CEA, and CA125 single or combined detection on clinical diagnosis and prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer. MethodsSerum tumor markers CA199, CA242, CEA, and CA125 of 63 patients with pancreatic cancer, 33 patients with cancer of bile duct, and 27 patients with benign pancreatic disease were detected, and those patients were followed up after operation. ResultsThe levels of CA19-9, CA242, CEA, and CA125 in patients with pancreatic cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign pancreatic disease and cancer of bile duct (Plt;0.05). The sensitivity of CA19-9 alone was the highest in the four tumor markers for the patients with pancreatic cancer 〔79.4% (50/63)〕, but the specificity (61.9%) was lower than that of CA242 (83.3%) and CEA (80.0%). The specificity of combined detection of CA199+CA242+CEA was the highest 〔93.3% (56/60)〕. The level of CA19-9 in carcinoma of body/tail of pancreas was significantly higher than that of carcinoma of pancreas head or whole pancreas (Plt;0.05). The serum levels of CA19-9 and CA242 in patients with stage Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ/Ⅲ (Plt;0.05). Fifteen patients were lost to follow up, 48 patients were followed up 2－12 months with an average 6 months. The levels of CA242 and CA199 in patients with pancreatic cancer on 0.5 month and 3 months after operation were lower than those before operation (Plt;0.05). ConclusionsSingle detection of CA19-9 can improve the diagnostic sensitivity, and combined detection of tumor markers CA199+CA242+CEA can improve the diagnostic specificity. CA19-9 or CA242 is a valuable marker for evaluating treatment effects and estimating prognosis.
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) in patients with small cell lung cancer. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and other databases (1966 to March 2007) to collect studies which evaluated the diagnostic value of NSE in patients with small cell lung cancer. The heterogeneity of included studies was tested by the Cochrane Collaboration’s software RevMan 4.2. The Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) curve and meta-analyses were performed by MetaDisc. Results Fifteen studies involving 4221 patients (672 SCLC and 3549 NSCLC patients, all diagnosed by the gold standard) were included. Meta-analyses showed that the heterogeneity among studies was high (P=0.000 2, I2=66.1%), the pooled sensitivity was 0.67 (95%CI 0.64 to 0.71) and the pooled specificity was 0.91 (95%CI 0.90 to 0.92). Subgroup analyses indicated that 4 of the studies which used the reagent supplied by The Academy of Military Medical Sciences (P=0.33, I2=13.4%, AUC= 0.9672, SE=0.0393) and another 4 which used the reagent supplied by Roche (P=0.23, I2=29.9%, AUC=0.8311, SE=0.0836) had no heterogeneity. Conclusion NSE could be regarded as one of the reference tests in patients with small cell lung cancer, but more high quality trials are required.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the value of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in early diagnosis of endometrial cancer. MethodsDatabases including The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2013), PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), CNKI, CBM and WanFang Data were electronically searched for relevant studies on HE4 versus the golden standard (pathological examination) in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer from inception to April 2013. Meanwhile, relevant journals were also manually searched. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and evaluated the included studies using the QUADAS items. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 and Meta-DiSc 1.0. ResultsFinally, a total of 16 studies involving 2 299 women (1 088 endometrial cancer patients diagnosed according to the golden standard, of which, 504 with benign uterine disease and 707 with normal cervical) were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, as for HE4 in early diagnosis of endometrial cancer (SEN=57%, 95%CI 0.54 to 0.60; SPE=92%, 95%CI 0.91 to 0.94; +LR=6.92, 95%CI 5.00 to 9.58;-LR=0.46, 95%CI 0.39 to 0.55; DOR=18.38, 95%CI 12.21 to 27.69; AUC=0.881 7). ConclusionThe current study indicates that serum HE4 is more sensitive and low specific when applied in patients with endometrial cancer, which is worth of being used in clinic. Due to the limitation of low quality of the included studies, more high quality trials are required to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To systematically review the diagnostic value of combined detection of K-ras gene mutation in peripheral blood and serum tumor markers for pancreatic cancer. Methods Databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2016), Elsevier, BMJ, CBM, CNKI and WanFang Data were searched from 2000 to March 2016 to collect diagnostic tests about the diagnostic value of combined detection of K-ras gene mutation in peripheral blood and serum tumor markers in pancreatic cancer. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 23 studies involving 2 071 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) of K-ras gene mutation in peripheral blood were 65% and 92% respectively in the diagnosis for pancreatic cancer. The results of the detection of tumor marker CA19-9 were 78% and 81% respectively. The SE and SP indexes in the parallel and serial combinations of CA19-9 together with CA242 were 85%, 72%, 70% and 83% respectively. And the SE, SP indexes in the parallel and serial combinations of K-ras gene mutation combined detection with CA19-9 were 90%, 63%, 47% and 96%. The positive likelihood ratio of the parallel combination of K-ras gene mutation in peripheral blood and CA19-9 (+LR=10.89) was higher than the other three detection methods, while the negative likelihood ratio of the serial combination of K-ras gene mutation in peripheral blood and CA19-9 (-LR=0.15) was lower than the other three detection methods, which indicated that the combined detection of K-ras gene mutation in peripheral blood and and CA19-9 had a better diagnostic performance than the single dectection of K-ras gene mutation or CA19-9 or the combined detection of CA19-9 and CA242 respectively. Comparing the area under curve (AUC) of SROC curve of the two combined diagnoses, the results showed that the diagnostic value of the parallel combination of K-ras gene mutation in peripheral blood and CA19-9 (AUC=0.87) was higher than that of the parallel combination of serum tumor markers CA19-9 and CA242. Conclusion Current evidence indicates that the combined detection of K-ras gene mutation and and tumor marker CA19-9 levels in peripheral blood can improve the diagnostic accuracy for pancreatic cancer. Due to the limited quantity and quality of included studies, above conclusions need to be verified by conducting more high quality studies.
Objective To summarize the domestic and abroad articles related to the research on the relation between microRNA （miRNA） and pancreatic cancer，and explore the important effects of miRNA expression patterns in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods “microRNA and pancreatic cancer” were searched as key words by PubMed and CNKI series full-text database retrieval systems from 2000 to 2012. Totally 60 English papers and 15 Chinese papers were obtained. Choice criteria：the basic research of miRNA and pancreatic cancer，the clinical research of miRNA and pancreatic cancer， and the prospect of miRNA in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment. According to the choice criteria，31 papers were finally analyzed. Results The miRNA expression spectrum and specific miRNA expression such as miR-21，miR-34，miR-217，miR-196a，miR-10a，miR-155，miR-221，miR-222，miR-181a，miR-181b，miR-181d， and the family members of miR-200 and let-7 might be used as tumor markers to differentiate pancreatic cancer from normal pancreas，chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic endocrine tumors，and might be used as prognostic factor to predict the outcome. Conclusions miRNA expression spectrum are not only related to diagnosis of pancreatic cancer， but also have provided a new research direction and method for gene therapy of pancreatic cancer．
Objective To summarize the research progress of microRNA （miRNA） as a tumor marker in peripheral blood. Methods The domestic and international published literatures about circulating miRNA as a tumor marker in recent years were reviewed. Results The miRNA expression has universality，stability and specificity，and it is related to the occurrence and development of viarous diseases. Conclusion Circulating miRNA shows a broad application prospect in clinical diagnosis， treatment， and prognosis of tumor and other diseases.
ObjectiveTo study the preoperative evaluation value of serum tumor markers (CA72-4, CEA, CA199 and CA125) in patients with gastric cancer. MethodsSerum levels of tumor markers (CA72-4, CEA, CA199 and CA125) and clinical pathological data of 70 patients with gastric cancer before operation who underwent surgical treatment in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University in June 2013 to 2014 June were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThere were some connection between the concentration of the serum CA72-4 and the tumor diameter, TNM staging, invasion depth, and the number of lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), between CA199 and tumor size, TNM staging, and invasion depth (P < 0.05), between CEA, CA125 and tumor diameter, TNM staging and distant metastasis (P < 0.05), but the CA72-4, CA72-4, CEA and CA125 had nothing to do with patient' age and gender. ConclusionThe serum tumor markers of CA724, CEA, CA199, and CA125 have clinical application value in preoperative evaluation of gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo summarize the domestic and abroad articles related to the research on the relation between miRNA-221/222 and thyroid cancer, and explore the important effects of miRNA-221/222 in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. MethodsDomestic and international publications involving the relationship of miRNA-221/222 to thyroid cancer were screened and reviewed. ResultsMiRNA-221/222 is a tumor marker with high specificity and sensitivity in thyroid cancer. It has important significance for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of thyroid cancer. ConclusionMiRNA-221/222 is not only related to diagnosis of thyroid cancer, but also have provided a new research direction and method for gene therapy of thyroid cancer．