目的:分析骨梗死的MRI表现特点。方法:对8例临床证实为骨梗死患者的MRI表现进行分析。结果: 7例累及双侧股骨下段及双侧胫骨上段,1例累及双侧股骨下段,均呈地图样信号异常。结论: 骨梗死在MRI上有特征性表现,怀疑骨梗死应行MRI检查。
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征( obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, OSAS) 是一种常见的睡眠呼吸障碍性疾病, 在成人发生率为2% ～4% , 由于睡眠中反复发生上气道部分或完全阻塞而表现为夜间间断低氧和高碳酸血症、反复觉醒、睡眠结构紊乱, 临床上常引起心、脑、肾等多器官损害。越来越多的证据表明, OSAS并发高血压、冠心病、肺动脉高压、心力衰竭、中风的危险性增高, 是心脑血管疾病的独立危险因素。未经治疗的重度OSAS 患者5 年病死率高达11% ～13% , 而心脑血管并发症是主要死因。如果及时给予有效治疗, 在一定程度上可以预防并发症的发生, 甚至逆转心脑血管并发症的转归。
目的:探讨多排螺旋CT三维重建技术结合MRI在胫骨平台骨折诊断和治疗中的价值。方法:收集57例胫骨平台骨折患者的X线平片、 螺旋CT三维重建、MRI影像检查资料,对照术中所见,分析、比较MRI结合多排螺旋CT三维重建技术在临床诊断和治疗中的价值。结果:在诊断正确率及分型符合率上,多排螺旋CT三维重建技术结合MRI均优于X线平片;并且MRI能明确显示韧带、关节软骨受损伤情况。结论:多排螺旋CT三维重建技术能直观、立体地显示胫骨平台骨折的形态,MRI能明确显示韧带、关节软骨受损伤情况。两者结合,有助于骨折的分型及手术方式的确定。
The course of chronic pancreatitis is prolonged, and pain is the main symptom, which seriously affects the quality of life and work ability of patients. Its treatment is the most important and complex problem. This article systematically describes the theoretical basis, indications, efficacy, selection and balance of drugs, endoscopy, surgery and other measures related to pain treatment.
This paper introduced definition of right care, presented the evidences of overuse and underuse in the world and pointed out the importance of dissemination of evidence-based medicine to right care. Not only evidence production but also concepts of evidence-based practical are important. It is important to disseminate evidence-based medicine not only among academic societies but also among the public. These are critical for achieving right care and preventing overuse and underuse of medical care.
Objective To measure the paraspinal muscle parameters, explore the characteristics of paraspinal muscles, and investigate the influence factors of paraspinal muscle degeneration in healthy people. MethodsEighty-two healthy Chinese people were prospectively recruited between February 2020 and November 2020, including 36 males and 46 females. The age ranged from 21 to 75 years, with a mean of 48.0 years. The height ranged from 150 to 183 cm, with a mean of 165.6 cm. The body mass ranged from 43 to 100 kg, with a mean of 65.4 kg. The body mass index (BMI) ranged from 16.7 to 32.4 kg/m2, with a mean of 23.7 kg/m2. Parameters of the paraspinal muscles (multifidus muscle, erector spinae muscle, and psoas major muscle) at L3, L4, and L5 levels were measured by MRI, including the relative total cross-sectional area (rtCSA), relative fatty cross-sectional area (rfCSA), relative signal intensity (rSI), and fatty infiltration (FI). The differences of paraspinal muscle parameters at different genders and different measurement levels were compared; Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between paraspinal muscle parameters and age, height, body mass, BMI. Results From L3 to L5 level, the rtCSA and rfCSA of multifidus muscle and psoas major muscle as well as the rfCSA of erector spinae muscle increased, while rtCSA of erector spinae muscle decreased. The FI and rSI of paraspinal muscles increased gradually. The parameters of paraspinal muscles at L4 and L5 levels were significantly different from those at L3 levels (P<0.05). There were significant differences in rtCSA and rfCSA of multifidus muscle, rtCSA, FI, and rSI of erector spinae muscle as well as rtCSA, rfCSA, and FI of psoas major muscle between L4 and L5 levels (P<0.05). Compared with males, the rfCSA and FI of multifidus muscle, FI of erector spinae muscle, and FI of psoas major muscle were significantly higher in females, while the rtCSA of psoas major muscle was significantly lower (P<0.05). Age was significantly negatively correlated with rtCSA of paraspinal muscles (P<0.05), but significantly positively correlated with FI of paraspinal muscles, rfCSA and rSI of multifidus and erector spinae muscles (P<0.05). Height was significantly negatively correlated with rfCSA and FI of paraspinal muscles (P<0.05). ConclusionThe degree of paraspinal muscle degeneration increases gradually along the spine axis from head to tail. Paraspinal muscle degeneration is related to age, height, and gender. The relationship between the body mass, BMI and paraspinal muscle degeneration needs further study.
Abstract： Replacement of the aortic valve and aortic root has been the standard surgical strategy for patients with aortic root aneurysm for many years. Along with the increasing knowledge about the aortic root anatomy and physiology, and complications after aortic valve replacement, the technique of valve-sparing aortic root replacement has developed greatly. We focus on the etiology and classification aortic valve insufficiency, the valve-sparing techniques and clinical outcomes of valve-sparing aortic root replacement in this review.
The single ventricular circulation is notable for coexisting systemic venous hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypotension. The use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices is a viable therapeutic treatment option for patients with congestive heart failure. Ventricular assisted devices, cavopulmonary assisted devices, and total artificial heart pumps continue to gain acceptance as viable treatment strategies for single ventricular physiology patients as bridge-to transplantation, bridge-to-recovery, and longer-term circulatory support alternatives. Patients with single ventricular physiology had the lower survival rates compared with those with biventricular circulation. We present a review of the current and future MCS devices for patients with univentricular circulations.
Simulation-based medical education is becoming increasingly common. In this paper, the status and goal of SBME development is analyzed after a brief introduction of SBME. Secondly, the essentiality and possibility of bringing SBME to a situated paradigm are clarified, because there are rich implications for situated cognition as the theory foundation of SBME. As a main discussion point, eight practical situated designing principles for SBME in theoretical and practical contexts are then expounded. Finally, a specific attitude toward the relationship between theory and practice for the SBME teachers is also elucidated.
Objective To investigate the degenerative changes in the inner rat retina after photic injury.Methods After 24 hour-dark adaptation, sixty Lewis rats were exposed in a ventilated green plexiglass chamber that transmitted continuous green light between 480-520 nm with an intensity of 900～1 000 lx. After 24 hour exposure, the rats stayed in darkness and were sacrificed after 1 day, 3,7 or 14 days. The neurons in the inner retina were marked by immunohisto chemical technique and observed by light and electronic microscope.Results The apoptotic photoreceptor cells were noted after photic injury. The degeneration and decreasing number of rod bipolar cells were found after 3 days; the edema of horizontal cells occurred after 1 day but ameliorated gradually; decreasing number of amacrine cells was found after 1 day; sustained edema of ganglion cells and prolifeeration of the Müller cells were found after photic injury. Pyknotic and edematous neruronal degenerations of inner retina were found in ultrastructural study.Conclusion The neurons in the inner retina as well as Müller cells are involved in the degeneration after photic injury. Different neurons manifest different patterns of degeneration.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：201-268)