In recent years, with the rapid development of gene editing technologies, research on the application of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system in inherited retinal diseases (IRD) has become increasingly in-depth. Many IRD, such as retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis, and Stargardt disease, are characterized by clearly defined pathogenic gene mutations, making them ideal targets for gene therapy. Owing to its high efficiency, strong specificity, and programmability, CRISPR technology offers a novel approach for the precise treatment of these conditions. This review summarizes recent progress in the application of CRISPR in IRD therapy, with a focus on target gene selection, optimization of editing tools and delivery systems, in vitro and in vivo validation, and early clinical investigations. In addition, current challenges, including off target effects, immune responses, and limitations in editing and delivery efficiency, are discussed. With continuous improvements in editing platforms and delivery strategies, CRISPR holds great promise for personalized treatment of IRD and may further accelerate the clinical application of precision medicine in ophthalmology.