Objective To review the osteoimmunomodulatory effects and related mechanisms of inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair. Methods A wide range of relevant domestic and foreign literature was reviewed, the characteristics of various inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair were summarized, and the osteoimmunomodulatory mechanism in the process of bone repair was discussed. Results Immune cells play a very important role in the dynamic balance of bone tissue. Inorganic biomaterials can directly regulate the immune cells in the body by changing their surface roughness, surface wettability, and other physical and chemical properties, constructing a suitable immune microenvironment, and then realizing dynamic regulation of bone repair. Conclusion Inorganic biomaterials are a class of biomaterials that are widely used in bone repair. Fully understanding the role of inorganic biomaterials in immunomodulation during bone repair will help to design novel bone immunomodulatory scaffolds for bone repair.
As the largest barrier organ in the human body, once skin defect occur, it not only affects appearance but also cause clinical problems such as infections. Traditional skin defect repair methods, such as autologous skin transplantation and allogeneic skin transplantation, have shortcomings such as limited donor sources, potential immune rejection, and limited repair effects, and are difficult to meet the individualized treatment needs of complex wounds. Bioprinting technology, as a breakthrough approach in tissue engineering in recent years, can accurately control the spatial distribution of seed cells and biomaterials within scaffolds based on digital models, achieving personalized biomimetic structure of skin tissue. This article aims to summarize the application and research progress of bioprinting technology in skin tissue engineering, providing a theoretical basis for its further clinical application.
Bone tissue regeneration and blood vessel formation are inseparable. How to realize the vascularization of bone repair scaffolds is an urgent problem in bone tissue engineering. The growth and development, mineralization maturity, reconstruction and remodeling, and tissue regeneration of bone are all based on forming an excellent vascularization network. In recent years, more and more researchers have used hydrogels to carry different cells, cytokines, metal ions and small molecules for in vitro vascularization and application in bone regeneration. Based on this background, this article reviews the hydrogel-based vascularization strategies in bone tissue engineering.