ObjectiveTo understand the role of complement system in the immune mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its potential therapy value. MethodThe national and international literature relavant researches of complement system in the HCC was reviewed. ResultsBased on HCC as an immunogenic cancer and the complement system as a part of the innate immune system, it had potential application value in immunotherapy. Eight complement components (complement intrinsic components C1q, C3, and mannose binding lectin, soluble regulatory proteins complement factor H and C4b, and membrane regulatory proteins CD46 and CD59, as well as complement receptor C5aR1) were closely associated with HCC. The activation of the complement system could participate in the occurrence and development of HCC through various mechanisms. The complement inhibitor, it could regulate the activity of complement related activation pathways, enhance anti-tumor ability, and provide a potential new strategy for immunotherapy of HCC. ConclusionsAt present, only a few complement components have been found in HCC research. Although it has been found that multiple complement components play a role in regulating the immune mechanism of HCC, there is still no definite or recognized theoretical basis. In the future, further exploration of the protective or pathogenic mechanisms of complement components in HCC immunity is needed to objectively evaluate the risks and benefits of complement related inhibitor therapy and in combination with other anti-tumor immune therapies.