The diameters of the optic nerves in 54 patients with high intracranial pressure(ICP)were checked and measured with B type ultrasonic tomography and the relationship between thewidth of optic nerve and the optic papiliedema was studied. The results showed that the average diameter (6. 324-0.53)mm of the optic nerves in patients with high ICP was wider than that(3.61 ~:0.29 )mm in health subjects (P(0.01). The rate of increasing width of optic nerve (87.00%)was higher than that (67.00~)of papilledema (P(0.05). In addition,in 19 patients with ICP between 1.97 and 2.50 kPa, the rate of increasing width of optic nerve (79. 00~)was higher than that (42.00%)of papilledema (P (0. 05). These results indicated that measuring the diameter of optic nerve might be more practical than observing tile presence of papilledema in diagnosing high ICP,especially in early stage. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 86-87）
Abstract:Five eyes of acute retinal necrosis(ARN)with multiple retinal breaks and retinal detachment were treated by closed vetrectomy combined with encircling buckle,gas/fluid exchange,nolaser and cryotherapy.After operation,the detached retinas reattached in 4eyes,and among them th visual acuity was 0.2 in 1 eye,and better than 0.05 in 3 eyes.The follow-up duration in 5 eyes was from 6 to18 months and recurrent retinal detachment was found in one eys. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 20-21)
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are a class of immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system that mainly involve the optic nerve and spinal cord. As an important environmental factor, the gut microbiota may play an important role in the occurrence and development of NMOSDs. Previous studies have shown that the structure and number of intestinal flora in NMOSDs patients are different from those of normal healthy people. The altered intestinal flora may cross-react with central nervous system autoantigens, induce T cell differentiation, and affect short-chain fatty acids, etc. The metabolite secretion pathway triggers the occurrence of NMOSDs. The summary of the changes of gut microbiota in patients with NMOSDs and the possible underlying mechanisms by summarizing the literature, aim to provide more effective treatments for the prevention and treatment of NMOSDs in the future.
Objective To measure and compare the difference between the normal control and retinoschisis with multifocal electroretinography. Methods Nineteen cases (21 eyes) of normal control and 8 cases (15 eyes) of inherited retinoschisis were measured with VERIS ScienceTM 4.0.Three cases (6 eyes) of inherited retinoschisis were tested with Ganzfeld ERG. Results There was statistically significant difference of average response density and latencies in all 6 ring retinal regions between the normal control and retinoschisis. The topography of multifocal ERG showed that multifocal amplitude decreased with disappearing or decreasing of central peak amplitude in patients with retinoschisis. The P1/N1ratio of the multifocal ERG average response densities in 6 ring retinal regions was different from the b/a ratio of the Ganzfeld ERG. Conclusion Each of the multifoca l ERG and Ganzfeld ERG has its advantage in the diagnosis of the retinoschisis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:268-270)
Purpose Observation on changes of choroidal circulation in 21 cases (42 eyes) of retinal dystrophies. Methods Fundus fluorescein angiography (ICGA) were used for comparartive analyses of the retinal and choroidal blood circulation of 21 cases (42 eyes) of retinal dystrophic diseases. Results The changes of choroidal circulation,i.e.slow perfusion or filling defects were observed in four kinds of retinal dystrophies. Conclusion ICGA may assist in providing valuable informations on choroidal circulation of retinal dystrophic diseases. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:88-91)
There are various examination methods for cardiovascular diseases. Non-invasive diagnosis and prognostic information acquisition are the current research hotspots of related imaging examinations. Positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new advanced fusion imaging technology that combines the molecular imaging of PET with the soft tissue contrast function of MRI to achieve their complementary advantages. This article briefly introduces several major aspects of cardiac PET/MRI in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, ischemic cardiomyopathy, nodular heart disease, and myocardial amyloidosis, in order to promote cardiac PET/MRI to be more widely used in precision medicine in this field.
Objective To evaluate the influence of early mobilization on delirium and respiratory dynamics in mechanically ventilated patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods The study prospectively recruited 107 AECOPD patients who admitted between January 2014 and June 2015 and underwent mechanical ventilation.On basis of same routine treatment,the patients were randomly divided into a treatment group (54 cases)receiving regime of early mobilization,and a control group (53 cases)receiving routine sedation and analgesia treatment.The incidence of delirium,duration of delirium,time of mechanical ventilation,and ICU mortality were compared between two groups.The respiratory mechanical parameters including endogenous positive end expiratory pressure (PEEPi),airway resistance(Raw),static compliance(Cs),and dynamic compliance(Cd)before treatment,3 days and 5 days after treatment were also compared between two groups. Results Compared with the control group,the incidence of delirium decreased (59.3% vs. 77.4%),the duration of delirium [(1.8±1.1)d vs. (2.6±1.3)d] and mechanical ventilation[(6.2±3.4)d vs. (7.9±4.2)d] reduced in the treatment group with significant difference(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in respiratory mechanical parameters before treatment between two groups(P>0.05).While at 3 days and 5 days after treatment,PEEPi decreased [(6.23±2.83)cm H2O vs. (7.42±2.62)cm H2O,(4.46±2.20)cm H2O vs. (5.92±2.51)cm H2O],Raw decreased [(20.35±7.15)cmH2O·L-1·s-1 vs. (23.23±6.64)cm H2O·L-1·s-1,(16.00±5.41)cm H2O·L-1·s-1 vs. (19.02±6.37)cm H2O·L-1·s-1],Cd increased [(25.20±9.37)mL/cm H2O vs (21.75±7.38)mL/cm H2O,(27.46±5.45)mL/cm H2O vs. (24.40±6.68)mL/cm H2O] in the treatment group compared with the control group(P<0.05),and the difference in Cs was not significant(P>0.05).No complications such as slippage,physical injury,or malignant arrhythmia occurred in two groups.The mortality slightly decreased in the treatment group compared with the control group (5.6% vs 11.3%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusions The incidence of delirium is high in mechanically ventilated patients with AECOPD.Early mobilization can reduce the incidence and duration of delirium,decrease the airway resistance,increase the dynamic lung compliance,relieve dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation and reduce PEEPi,so as to improve the respiratory function and shorten the time of mechanical ventilation.Therefore,early mobilization is an effective and safe regime for AECOPD patients underwent mechanical ventilation.
Objective To investigate the major types and clinical manifestations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)mutations in Chinese patients with Leber′s hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON). Methods A total of 119 patients with bilateral optic neuropathy from 117 pedigrees, including 37 with determinate diagnosis of LHON(group A) and 82 with suspected LHON(group B),were tested for mtDNA mutations by using single-strand conformational polymorphism, mutation-specific primer polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Pertinent clinical data and history of the patients with the 11778 mutation were collected. Results Nucleotide positions(np)11778 mutation and np 14484 mutation was found in 33 (89.2%) and 3 (8.1%) patients respectively in group A, while np 11778 mutation was obtained in 26（31.7%）in group B. No 3460 mutation was found in group A or B. The clinical manifestations of 59 patients with np 11778 mutation were as follows: acute or chronic visual loss，no ophthalmalgia, the age of onset of 10-25, and either a central or paracentral scotoma in perimetry. The visual recovery rate was 8.6%～11.6%. Conclusion Chinese patients with LHON have a very high incidence of np 11778 mutation and the clinical manifestations of the patients with np 11778 mutation are similar to those of Caucasian patients. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：78-80)
Objective To summarize the treatment experience for concomitant diseases of other abdominal organs in laparoscopic cholecystectomy （LC）. Methods The clinical data of 176 patients with LC and concomitant diseases of other abdominal organs were analyzed retrospectively， including preoperatively diagnosed cases （such as 53 with liver cyst， 15 with choledocholithiasis， 7 with chronic appendicitis， 5 with inguinal hernia， 4 with renal cyst， and 6 with ovarian cyst） and intraoperatively diagnosed cases （such as 72 with abdominal cavity adhesion， 4 with internal fistula between gallbladder and digestive tract， 3 with Mirizzi syndrome， and 7 with unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma）. Results All the operation were successfully completed in 176 patients without severe complications， including 53 cases treated with LC plus fenestration of hepatic cyst， 15 with choledocholithotomy， 7 with appendectomy， 5 with tension free hernia repair， 4 with renal cyst fenestration， 6 with oophorocystectomy， 72 with adhesiolysis， 3 with fistula resection plus intestine neoplasty， 2 with intraoperative cholangiography plus choledocholithotomy， 5 with LC plus gallbladder bed complete burning， and 4 cases treated with conversion to open surgery （1 with intestinal fistula repair， 1 with choledocholithotomy， and 2 with radical resection for gallbladder carcinoma）. Conclusions It is safe and effective to treat gallbladder diseases complicated with other concomitant diseases simultaneously with laparoscopic operation， if the principles of surgical operation are followed and the indications and applicable conditions are strictly followed. And conversion to open surgery is necessary.
OBJECUIVE: To observe the therapeutic efficacy of gamma;-knife/lymphokine activated killing cells (LAK)in chorold malignant melanoma (CMM). METHODS:Five cases of CMM had keen treated by retrobulbar injection of LAK cells and gamma;-knife irradiation at multiple sites.Ophthalmologic,imageologic, fundus fluorescein angiographic and T lymphocyte subset examinations were done before and after treatment. Tile follow-up period of this series of cases was 6-24 months. RESUILS:Thc CMM of 4 in 5 treated cases became atrophic and withered up clinically after gamma;-kinfe/LAK therapy. Among the 4 cases,2 of them had been followed up for more than 2 years,and the other 2 for 20 and 14 months respectively. The tumor of the 5th patient wko was followed up for 6 months after treatment,reduced to 3/5 of the original size,and no blood flow was found within thee tumor mass under the clinical examination. CONCLUSION :The gamma;-knife/LAK therapy was effective in treating CMM in saving the affected eye from being enucleated. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 96- 98）