Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of primary palmar hyperhidrosis in adolescents in Yangzhou. Methods On-site questionnaire survey was performed on students selected by cluster random sampling from the two colleges and two high or middle schools, with each class as a unit. Data were collected through the questionnaire to make the diagnosis and severity grading. Results A total of 3 487 copies of the questionnaire were distributed in the survey and 3 299 were finished, among which 3 083 were effective with an effective rate of 88.41%. Among them, 1 358 respondents were males and 1 725 were females; 933 were middle school students, 809 high school students, and the remaining 1 341 college students. According to the diagnostic criteria, 104 respondents were diagnosed with palmar hyperhidrosis with an overall prevalence of 3.37%. There were 60 (4.41%) males and 44 (2.55%) females. Although the prevalence of palmar hyperhidrosis in males was higher than that of females (χ2=8.130, P<0.05), severe palmar hyperhidrosis was more often to be observed in females than in males, and females were also more likely to have hyperhidrosis in other parts of the body. In addition, the age of the first onset of the disease was mainly 10 to 20 years old and 36.54% of the patients had a family history. Conclusion The prevalence of palmar hyperhidrosis in adolescents in Yangzhou was 3.37%, and there is a significant difference in the gender. The palmar hyperhidros is often accompanied by hyperhidrosis symptoms of other parts of body, and the disease shows an obvious genetic predisposition.
Objective To estimate the prevalence rate and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rural residents in Changzhi. Methods With the help of an established resident health data, a epidemiology study was performed on 63 409 residents (ge;15 years old) in the rural area of Changzhi; while the standard of diagnosis of diabetes was in accordance with the standard made by WHO in 1997. Diabetes was diagnosed in 2632 residents, and these patients underwent the investigation and examination including the disease history, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, visual acuity, ocular diseases and intraocular pressure. The standard of DR was drawn according to the diagnosis standard made by Chinese Ocular Fundus Diseases Society, Chinese Ophthalmological Society, Chinese Medical Association in 1985. The data was statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results A total of 57 500 residents underwent the examination with the participating rate of 90.68%; 2632(4.58%) were diagnosed as with diabetes, in whom 986 were with DR (with DR prevalence of 37.46%). The duration of diabetes was the independent risk factor of DR (r=0.210,P＜0.001). The duration of diabetes and combined with hypertension were the influence factors of the development of DR. The visual acuity in residents with or without DR differed significantly（P＜0.01）. The level of HbA1c was positively related to DR. Conclusions The incidence of DR is high in residents with diabetes in eastern countryside area of Changzhi. The duration of diabetes and combined with hypertension were the influence factors of the development of DR. The level of HbA1c may be the important indicator which can monitor the occurrence and development of DR in patients with diabetes.
Eye and nervous system are anatomically and physiologically very close. About 40% of the nerve fibers in brain are correlated with visual function. Seven of twelve cranial nerves are straightly correlated with visual afferent or eye movement. Neurological diseases can affect eye in many different ways. Furthermore, systemic disorders can cause secondary neurological lesions or even primary neurological disorders, which sequentially show ocular symptoms a nd signs. Better understanding of the close relationship between eye and brain, together with intimate cooperation between ophthalmologists, neurologists, neuro surgeons and other specialties, are the key point to improve our neuro-ophthalm ology service in China. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2008,24:82-85)
Purpose To decribe the prevalence of age related macular degeneration (AMD) in the population aged 50 and over in Doumen County of Gunagdong Province. Methods After randomized clustering sampling,all selected individuals were enumerated according to village residence register.Visual acuity were measured by illuminated EDTRS chart. The examination of eyelid,cornea,lens and fundus were also carried out.The diagnosis of AMD was made according to the criteria of National Academic Group of Fundus Diseases combining with the visual criteria of Framingham Eye Study. Results 5 324 indivduals were axamined with participating rate of 92.8%.The ove rall prevalence of AMD was 8.4%.The prevalence of 2.9%,7.8% and 12.9% was found in the age groups of 50-,60-,70- respectively.The prevalence of male and female was 8.5% and 8.4% respctively.5% of AMD eyes were blind and 49% were low vision. Conclusion The prevalence of AMD is hight and increased with aging,but not correlated with sex.AMD can cause severe visual impairment. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:122-124)
The 12th Asian Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology (ACPE) has been successfully held from October 11st to 13rd, 2019 in Kyoto, Japan. More than 600 representatives from 33 countries and regions participated in the meeting. The arrangement of this conference mainly included: education session program, contributed papers report, symposium and poster presentation, which provided good opportunity for participants to communicate. Moreover, it promoted the dissemination and utilization of advanced methods and technologies of global pharmacoepidemiology, especially in Asia region, and provided technical support in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of public. Moreover, it was the first time that the symposium on herbal and Traditional Medicines has been set up in the ACPE. This paper introduced the main details of the contents
Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical regulation and ocular fundus characteristics of the Coats diseases paients. Methods The clinical data of 205 Coats diseases (211 eyes) which including sex, age, which-eye and visual distribution were retrospectively analyzed. To analyze the region,scope, and degree of the disease according to the ophthalmoscopy, ocular fundus photography, and fundus fluorescein angiography results, in additon to invistigate the distribution and development rule of lesions. Results In 205 cases, Coats disease was diagnosed at a median age of 28 years old. There were 54.2% patients over 20 years old. It occurred in 76.1% males，and was unilateral in 97.1% patients. In 211 eyes, the visual acuity was below 0.3 in 67.3% eyes. The retinal telangiectasia occurred in all eyes, with yellow white lipid exudation in 90.5% eyes; located in temporal fundus in 90.1% eyes, in front of midperipheral 73.9% eyes; spread over one sector in 72.5% eyes. Conclusions Coats disease occurs mostly in males; it can occurrs in any age; it almost occurrs in unilateral. The essential characteritics are abnormal expansion of microvascular, mostly located in temporal fundus and in front of midperipheral, with yellow white lipid exudation, spread macular and damage visual function seriously. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2008，24：276-278）
Objective To estimate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in residents at the age of ge; 60 years in Beixinjing blocks, Shanghai, and to analyze the changes and risk factors of the occurrence of DR while comparing with the previous epidemiology study in the same blocks in 2003.Methods With the help of an established resident health data,a epidemiology study was performed on all of the old residents (ge; 60 years old) with diabetes mellitus from November 2007 to April 2008.The epidemiology data included resident common information, health check, examination of visual acuity,slitlamp biomicroscopy, direct ophthalmoscopy, and photography of 2 pictures covering 450 posterior ocular fundus area acquired by digital nonmydriasis fundus camera. The diagnosis of DR was drawn according to the international DR classification (2002). The DR grade was compared in 254 residents who were involved in both of the two epidemiology studies in 2003 and 2007.Chisquare method was used to analyze the risk factors of DR and stepwise logistic analysis was used for identifying the independent factors.Results A total of 483 diabetic residents was included in this study with the inclusion rate of 91.30%, in whom 121 DR patients was found with the DR prevalence of 25.05％. The prevalence of non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR was 22.36% and 2.69%, respectively. The duration of diabetes was confirmed as the independent risk factor of DR prevalence, and no risk factor was found to affect the different ratio of non-proliferative and proliferative DR. Comparing to the results of the study in 2003,the DR grade remained steadily or decreased in 92.52% of the 254 diabetes residents.Conclusion The prevalence of DR is high in the diabetic residents at the age of ge; 60 years.The intervention work of DR prevention in Beixinjing blocks is effective.
Objective To observe the clinical manifestation and treatment effect of Coatsprime; disease in adulthood. Methods The clinical data of 18 adult patients with Coatsprime; disease from 1980 to 2006 at the department of ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital which had been diagnosed by ocular fundus examination and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), were retrospectively analyzed. The follow-up period was one year. Coatsprime; response diseases in all the patiens were excluded, such as history of radiation therapy, intraocular inflammation, retinal vascular occlusion, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and more leakage of diabetic retinopathy. The patients, 14 males and 4 females, 11 left eyes and 7 right eyes, all of them occurs in unilateral; aged from 37 to 55 years with the average age of 43 years; the initial diagnostic vision was 0.02 to 1.5, the visual value was 0.1. 17 patients (17 eyes) were treated by laser photocoagulation, 1 patient was treated by release of retinal operation with condensation. The mean follow up period was 3.7 years (ranged from 1 to 15.3 years). Results In 18 patients (18 eyes), vitreous clear in 14 eyes, vitreous few muddy in 4 years when initial diagnosis. The optic discs in 18 eyes are normal. Lesions confined to one or two quadrant, for the most are in the temporal(15/18 eyes), less are in Bice (4/18 eyes), only one eye at top; two eyes lesions involved in 2 quadrant. There are typical retinal vascular anomalies expansion, miliary aneurysm, arterial aneurysm, macroaneurysms and capillary without perfusion areas; yellowwhite hard leakage by a large block or cluster in Lesion corresponding region. More than half of the eyes with macular edema or leakage; limited retinal detachment in 4 eyes, the range was very wide in 1 eye; retinal hemorrhage in 3 eyes. After treatment the exudation or the hemorrhage were absorbed and retinas were reset. Compared the visual acuity with before treatment, mostly (64.3%) improved 2 lines or keep in 1.2-1.5, no one decreased over 2 lines. The last vision was 0.02-1.5, the visual value was 0.1. Conclusions Coatsprime; disease in adulthood diagnosed in first time has similar characteristics with children, such as vascular anomaly of retina, fundus exudation. The differences including limited area of involvement, less hemorrhages, mild damage on macular, slow development of lesions in follow-up period and better visual prognosis. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2008，24：279-282）
Objective To determine the incidence of and risk fact ors for retino pathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants in Beijing after implementation of the ROP guidelines. Methods The preterm infants with birth weight le; 2000 g or gestational age le; 3 4 weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units in 6 hospitals in Beijing from Jan. 1, 2005 to Dec. 31, 2005 were screened. Ophthalmologic examin ations started 3-4 weeks after birth and ROP was classified by the revised Inte r national Classification. Maternal and perinatal risk factors of occurrence of R OP were analyzed. Results In the 639 infants who had been scre ened in the 6 ho spitals, ROP was detected in 69 (10.8%), in whom 23 infants (39 eyes) (3.6%) had type 1 ROP and underwent photocoagulation. The lower the birth weight and small er the gestational age was, the higher the incidence of ROP was. Logistic regres sion analysis indicated that low birth weight, apnea gt;20 seconds, anemia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and placenta abruption were the high risk factor of R O P.Conclusion In Beijing the incidence of ROP is 10.8% after i mplementation of the ROP guidelines. Low birth weight, apnea gt;20 seconds, anemia, hypoxicischem ic encephalopathy and placenta abruption were the high risk factor of ROP.
With the development of artificial intelligence, machine learning has been widely used in diagnosis of diseases. It is crucial to conduct diagnostic test accuracy studies and evaluate the performance of models reasonably to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. For machine learning-based diagnostic test accuracy studies, this paper introduces the principles of study design in the aspects of target conditions, selection of participants, diagnostic tests, reference standards and ethics.