Objective To investigate the effect of surface propertyof different polyether-ester block copolymers［poly(ethylene glycol-terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate), PEGT/PBT］ on the growth of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells(ECs). Methods Three kinds of copolymers were synthesized, which were 1000-T20 (group A), 1000PEGT70/PBT30 (group B) and 600PEGT70/PBT30 (group C). The water-uptake and contact angle of three polyether-ester membranes were determined. The canine aorta smooth muscle cells and external jugular vein endothelial cells were primarily harvested, subcultured, and then identified. The proliferation of SMCs and ECs on the different polyether-ester membranes were investigated. Results The water-uptake of three copolymers arranged as the sequence of group C＜group A＜group B, and contact angle as the sequence of group C＞group A＞group B, indicating group B being more hydrophilic. However, smooth musclecells andendothelial cells grew poorly on the membrane of group B after low density seeding, but proliferated well on the membranes of group A and group C. Conclusion In contrast with more hydrophilic 1000PEGT70/PBT30, moderately hydrophilic 1000-T20 and 600PEGT70/PBT30 has better compatibility with vascular cells. The above results indicate that the vascular cells can grow well on moderately hydrophilic PEGT/PBT and that PEGT/PBT can be used in vascular tissue engineering.
Objective To explore an improved method of surgical operation for reposition of the articular surface with Type Ⅲ Pilon fractures. Methods From January 1999 to December 2005, 20 patients (22 sides) with Type Ⅲ Pilon fractures were treated with the delayed open reduction and the internal fixation, which took the superior articular surface of the talus as a templet so as to reposition the lower articular surface of the tibia, strengthen the bone transplantation, fasten the internal fixation, and make an early functional exercise possible. Complete data were obtained from 16 of the patients with 18 sides (13 males,15 sides; 3 females, 3 sides; age, 14-48 years). The injury due to a fallingaccident was found in 12 patients (14 sides), and due to a traffic accident in 4patients (4 sides). Results The healing of the first intention was achieved in 14 sides, the delayed healing in 3 sides, and the infection in 1 side. The follow-up of all the 16 patients for 971 months (average, 22 months) including the X-ray examinations revealed that no screw for the internal fixation entering the articular cavity. According to the Teeny’s judging standards of radiology evaluating the result of the surgery for Pilon fractures, the anatomical reduction of the related articular surface was found in 77.8% of the sides (14/18) and thehealing of the first intention (stage Ⅰ) in 94.4% (17/18). According to the Mazur’s criteria, an excellent result was obtained in 5 sides, good in 7, fair in 5, and poor in 1. The excellent and good result was 66.7%. Conclusion Propermanagement of the injured soft tissues, prompt recovery of the tibial distant plateau height, and accurate reposition of the articular surface, enough transplant bone for the solid support, b internal fixation for the distant tibial anatomical structure, and early functional exercise are the key points to the successful operation.
Affective brain-computer interfaces (aBCIs) has important application value in the field of human-computer interaction. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been widely concerned in the field of emotion recognition due to its advantages in time resolution, reliability and accuracy. However, the non-stationary characteristics and individual differences of EEG limit the generalization of emotion recognition model in different time and different subjects. In this paper, in order to realize the recognition of emotional states across different subjects and sessions, we proposed a new domain adaptation method, the maximum classifier difference for domain adversarial neural networks (MCD_DA). By establishing a neural network emotion recognition model, the shallow feature extractor was used to resist the domain classifier and the emotion classifier, respectively, so that the feature extractor could produce domain invariant expression, and train the decision boundary of classifier learning task specificity while realizing approximate joint distribution adaptation. The experimental results showed that the average classification accuracy of this method was 88.33% compared with 58.23% of the traditional general classifier. It improves the generalization ability of emotion brain-computer interface in practical application, and provides a new method for aBCIs to be used in practice.
ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of core stabilization exercise with unstable support surface on rehabilitation of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture.MethodsFrom January 2018 to January 2020, 66 patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects. All patients were treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty. After operation, they were randomly divided into intervention group and control group by random number table method, with 33 cases in each group. Both groups were given routine rehabilitation intervention after operation, while the intervention group was given core stabilization exercise with unstable support surface at the same time. The vertebral height, shape, stability and gait of the two groups were compared 1 day before operation and 1 day after rehabilitation training.ResultsThere was no significant difference in gender, age, injured vertebral body, course of osteoporosis, years of education and marital status between the two groups (P>0.05). Before surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in the height ratio of the front edge of the injured vertebra, middle height ratio of the injured vertebra, back convex Cobb angle, track length when eyes were open, track length when eyes were closed, Romberg rate, track length per unit time when eyes were open, track length per unit time when eyes were closed, Romberg rate per unit time, deviation of the center of gravity on X-axis when eyes were open, deviation of the center of gravity on X-axis when eyes were closed, deviation of the center of gravity on Y-axis when eyes were open, deviation of the center of gravity on Y-axis when eyes were closed, stride length, step frequency or comfortable pace between the two groups (P>0.05). After training, the height ratio of the front edge of the injured vertebra [(79.26±12.15)% vs. (72.26±13.36)%], middle height ratio of the injured vertebra [(82.11±10.26)% vs. (75.64±9.56)%], back convex Cobb angle [(9.87±7.10) vs. (14.41±2.36)°], track length when eyes were closed [(1856.29±457.16) vs. (2358.48±786.45) mm], Romberg rate [(1.32±0.29)% vs. (1.87±0.54)%], track length per unit time when eyes were closed [(33.45±3.26) vs. (41.55±4.69) mm], Romberg rate per unit time [(1.41±0.30)% vs. (1.95±0.77)%], deviation of the center of gravity on X-axis when eyes were open [(11.06±1.36) vs. (16.54±2.22) mm], deviation of the center of gravity on X-axis when eyes were closed [(11.15±0.96) vs. (23.31±3.06) mm], deviation of the center of gravity on Y-axis when eyes were open [(12.57±1.84) vs. (15.56±2.06) mm], deviation of the center of gravity on Y-axis when eyes were closed [(15.69±2.05) vs. (18.96±3.56) mm], stride length [(0.57±0.12) vs. (0.49±0.10) m], step frequency [(1.09±0.29) vs. (0.94±0.20) step/s] and comfortable pace [(0.35±0.12) vs. (0.29±0.10) m/s] of the intervention group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the track length when eyes were open or track length per unit time when eyes were open between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionIn patients with osteoporotic vertebral body fractures, core stabilization exercise with unstable support surface on the basis of conventional rehabilitation interventions after surgery can effectively restore the height and shape of the vertebral body, and improve the stability and gait to a certain extent.
Objective To observe the effect of biological fixation of femoral stem prosthesis with multilayer macropores coating by combined use of autologousbone grafting. Methods The reconstructing femoral stem prostheses were designed personally, proximal 2/3 surfaces of which were reformed by thick multilayer stereo pore structure. Twentyfour adult mongrel canines underwent right femoralhead replacement and were divided randomly into two groups. The autogenous bonemud of femoral head and neck were not used in the control group. The histologicexamination, roentgenograms and biomechanical test were carried out in the 1st,3rd and 6th month after operation to observe the bone formation and fixation inthe exterior and interior sides of the prostheses. Results Onthe whole view,bone reconstruction occurred in experimental group in the 3rd and 6th month. Roentgenograms also proved to be superior to the control group. Histological examinationshowed that both the maximum bone inserting depth（μm） and average engorging ratio(%) of newly formed bone in experimental group surpassed those in the control group. The maximum shear strength of prosthesisbone interface in experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group（Plt;0.01）. Conclusion Intensity of biological fixation can be strengthened remarkably by using femoral stem prothesis with multilayer macropores coating by combined use of autologous bone grafting.
Objective To introduce a new fluoroscopic method for assessing the quality of medial and lateral joint surface reduction during internal fixation of patellar fractures and to summarize the clinical outcomes of patients treated using this method. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 52 patients with patellar fractures treated between January 2018 and January 2022 who met the inclusion criteria. There were 27 male and 25 female patients, aged 21-75 years, with an average age of 62 years. The types of patellar fractures included 9 transverse fractures, 37 comminuted fractures, and 6 longitudinal fractures. According to the AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO-OTA)-2018 fracture classification, there were 21 cases of type 34A, 6 cases of type 34B, and 25 cases of type 34C. The time from injury to operation ranged from 1 to 5 days, with an average of 2.3 days. Treatments included internal fixation with hollow screws or hollow screw tension bands, with or without anchor repair. During operation, the medial and lateral joint surfaces of the patella were observed using the tangential fluoroscopic method to assess the smoothness of reduction of the median ridge, lateral joint surface, medial joint surface, and lateral joint edge. Patients were followed up regularly, and X-ray films were taken to observe fracture healing. Knee joint range of motion, Böstman score, and Lysholm score were used to evaluate functional recovery. Results The tangential fluoroscopic method for the medial and lateral joint surfaces of the patella during operation showed satisfactory reduction of the joint surfaces and good positioning of the implants. All patients were followed up 12-16 months, with an average of 13.4 months. During the follow-up, fracture displacement occurred in 1 case and titanium cable breakage in 1 case. All patella fractures healed successfully, with a healing time of 8-16 weeks (mean, 11.4 weeks). At last follow-up, knee joint range of motion ranged from 120° to 140°, with an average of 136°. The Böstman score ranged from 20 to 30, with an average of 28, yielding excellent results in 45 cases and good results in 7 cases. The Lysholm score ranged from 88 to 100, with an average of 93, yielding excellent results in 40 cases and good results in 12 cases. Conclusion The intraoperative application of the tangential fluoroscopic method for the medial and lateral joint surfaces of the patella can quickly determine the fluoroscopic plane of the patella, accurately assess the quality of fracture reduction and the position of internal fixator, thereby improving effectiveness.
With the continuous progress of materials science and biology, the significance of biomaterials with dual characteristics of materials science and biology is keeping on increasing. Nowadays, more and more biomaterials are being used in tissue engineering, pharmaceutical engineering and regenerative medicine. In repairing bone defects caused by trauma, tumor invasion, congenital malformation and other factors, a variety of biomaterials have emerged with different characteristics, such as surface charge, surface wettability, surface composition, immune regulation and so on, leading to significant differences in repair effects. This paper mainly discusses the influence of surface charge of biomaterials on bone formation and the methods of introducing surface charge, aiming to promote bone formation by changing the charge distribution on the surface of the biomaterials to serve the clinical treatment better.
ObjectiveTo study the clinical features of children with seizures as core symptoms of neuronal surface antibody syndromes. MethodsThe clinical data of neuronal surface antibody syndromes between December 2015 and December 2016 were obtained and analyzed. All children presented to hospital with seizures as core symptoms. ResultsThere were 1 male and 9 females in this study. The ages ranged from 3 years to 13 years. The disease course was between 3 and 14 days. All children presented to hospital with seizures as core symptoms.Two children had tonic seizures. one had tonic-clonic seizure. Seven had partial seizures. Among them, six children had status epilepticus and cluster attack. The other symptoms in the course of the disease were psychiatric symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms.The anti-NMDAR antibody were found in 9 patients' CSF and blood. The LGI1 antibody was found in one patients' CSF and blood.The EEG test of 7 patients showed slow wave and sharp slow wave. Two showed spike wave. One showed slow wave.The MRI test of one patient showed abnormal. Ten cases were treated with IVIG and methylprednisolone during acute stage. The patients had been followed up for 3 to 6 months. Eight of them recovered completely. Two cases had seizures. Two cases diagnosed with anti-NMDAR related epilepsy received sound effects after treated with cyclophosphamide. ConclusionsConvulsion may be the first common symptom of neuronal surface antibody syndromes in children. Immune factors should be screened when children with acute seizures and status epilepticus. Accompanying psychiatric symptoms, autoimmune epilepsy should be considered. The most common neuronal surface antibody in children with neuronal surface antibody syndromes is NMDAR antibody. EEG usually shows slow wave and sharp slow wave during seizures. Brain MRI is usually normal. Immunotherapy is effective in the majority of patients as the first line treatment. When the first-line treatment failed, second-line immunotherapy such as cyclophosphamide shock therapy on a regular basis is helpful.
Objective To investigate the effect of anteromedial coronoid facet fracture and lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC) injury on the posteromedial rotational stability of the elbow joint. Methods The double elbows were obtained from 4 fresh adult male cadaveric specimens. Complete elbow joint (group A,n=8), simple LCLC injury (group B,n=4), simple anteromedial coronoid facet fracture (group C,n=4), and LCLC injury combined with anteromedial coronoid facet fracture (group D,n=8). The torque value was calculated according to the load-displacement curve. Results There was no complete dislocation of the elbow during the experiment. The torque values of groups A, B, C, and D were (10.286±0.166), (5.775±0.124), (6.566±0.139), and (3.004±0.063) N·m respectively, showing significant differences between groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Simple LCLC injury, simple anteromedial coronoid facet fracture, and combined both injury will affect the posteromedial rotational stability of the elbow.
Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a very popular method for spatial filtering to extract the features from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, but it may cause serious over-fitting issue. In this paper, after the extraction and recognition of feature, we present a new way in which the recognition results are fused to overcome the over-fitting and improve recognition accuracy. And then a new framework for EEG recognition is proposed by using CSP to extract features from EEG signals, using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifiers to identify the user's mental state from such features, and using Choquet fuzzy integral to fuse classifiers results. Brain-computer interface (BCI) competition 2005 data setsⅣa was used to validate the framework. The results demonstrated that it effectively improved recognition and to some extent overcome the over-fitting problem of CSP. It showed the effectiveness of this framework for dealing with EEG.