ObjectiveTo summarize the status and progress of imaging studies of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs).MethodThe relevant literatures published recently at domestic and abroad about the imaging of pNENs were collected and reviewed.ResultsDue to poor visibility of pancreatic body and tail, the application of ultrasound (US) was limited. Compared with US, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) could improve the detection rate of pNENs. The ability of plain CT scans to differentiate pathological grades was still controversial, but the value of enhanced scan was higher. CT texture analysis was feasible in the discrimination of nonhypervascular pNENs and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Teta2 was the parameter with the highest diagnostic performance. The enhanced features of MRI were similar to CT. Combined with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, the diagnostic and classification capabilities of MRI were improved, and the sensitivity and specificity of different ADC thresholds were also different. 68Ga-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (68Ga-DOTA) peptide PET-CT had good preliminary diagnostic value for well-differentiated pNENs, and 18Fluoro-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET-CT had limited diagnostic value.ConclusionsSomatostatin receptor imaging is of high diagnostic value and can guide clinical treatment and predict prognosis, but it has not been widely used in China. Conventional morphological images have advantages in the diagnosis and classification of pNENs. Therefore, it is important to choose a proper image inspection method.
Amblyopia is a visual development deficit caused by abnormal visual experience in early life, mainly manifesting as defected visual acuity and binocular visual impairment, which is considered to reflect abnormal development of the brain rather than organic lesions of the eye. Previous studies have reported abnormal spontaneous brain activity in patients with amblyopia. However, the location of abnormal spontaneous activity in patients with amblyopia and the association between abnormal brain function activity and clinical deficits remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to analyze spontaneous brain functional activity abnormalities in patients with amblyopia and their associations with clinical defects using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In this study, 31 patients with amblyopia and 31 healthy controls were enrolled for resting-state fMRI scanning. The results showed that spontaneous activity in the right angular gyrus, left posterior cerebellum, and left cingulate gyrus were significantly lower in patients with amblyopia than in controls, and spontaneous activity in the right middle temporal gyrus was significantly higher in patients with amblyopia. In addition, the spontaneous activity of the left cerebellum in patients with amblyopia was negatively associated with the best-corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eye, and the spontaneous activity of the right middle temporal gyrus was positively associated with the stereoacuity. This study found that adult patients with amblyopia showed abnormal spontaneous activity in the angular gyrus, cerebellum, middle temporal gyrus, and cingulate gyrus. Furthermore, the functional abnormalities in the cerebellum and middle temporal gyrus may be associated with visual acuity defects and stereopsis deficiency in patients with amblyopia. These findings help explain the neural mechanism of amblyopia, thus promoting the improvement of the treatment strategy for amblyopia.
Objective To determine the safety of the fetal olfactory ensheathing cell(OEC) transplantation in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) by examination of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods A prospective clinical study involving 16 patients with chronic SCI was designed to investigate the feasibility and biological safety of the fetal OEC transplantation in treatment of SCI. The olfactory bulbs from the 3-4-month-old aborted human fetuses following the strict ethical guidelines were harvested and trypsinized down to single fetal OEC. These cells were then cultured for 12-17 days and were prepared for a clinical use. From November 2001 to December 2002, 16 patients with chronic SCI were randomly enrolled. The patients suffered from SCI for1.5-8 years (average 4-3 years) after the injury. The suspension (50 μl) containing about 1×106 fetal OECs was transplanted by an injection into the patients’ spinal cords above and below the injury site. All the patients were assessed before thetransplantation and were followed up with MRI for 29-42 months (average 38 mon)after the transplantation. Results No cell-related adverse effects were observed in any patient during the followup period. The follow-up with MRI did not reveal any development of optic glial tumor, tumor-like mass, new hemorrhage,edema, expanding cyst, new cyst formation, infection or disruption of the neuralstructure in the transplant site of all the patients. Conclusion This is the first clinical study demonstrating the long-term safety of theOEC therapy for SCI. The results indicate that our protocol is feasible and safe in treatment of patients with chronic SCI within 38 months after the injury. Although the size of the samples for our study was not big enough, the positive results of the study have encouraged us to make a further research in this field.
Objective To investigate the effects on myocardial perfusion of simultaneous antegrade/retrograde cardiopiegia （SARC） through a single coronary artery and coronary sinus （CS）. Methods SARC was conducted in isolated pig hearts through CS in conjunction with the left anterior descending （LAD）, the left circumflex （LCX）, or the right coronary artery （RCA） respectively. After injecting magnetic resonance （MR） contrast agent （gadolinium diethyienetriamine pentaacetic acid, Gd-DTPA） into arterial or venous route, the distribution of Gd-DTPA with magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） was monitored and the effluent from the venting coronary arteries to assess the efficacy of SARC for myocardial perfusion was measured. Results Injection of Gd-DTPA into a perfusing artery during SARC resulted in increased signal intensity not only in the territory of the perfusing artery but also in the areas normally served by the other two venting coronary arteries （including the right ventrieuiar free wall）. With Gd DTPA given into the CS during SARC, the myocardium in the territories of the two venting coronary arteries was lightened. Signal intensity of the myocardium in the perfusing artery territory and right ventricuiar free wall remained unchanged. Moreover, a significant amount of effluent was collected from the venting coronary arteries during SARC： the LAD 10.5-17.7 ml/min; LCX 9.7-15.2 ml/min, and RCA 4.7-7.8 ml/min. Conclusion SARC through a single coronary artery and CS can provide homogeneous perfusion to the entire heart and is sufficient to prevent ischemic injury in the myocardium normally supported by the venting coronary arteries.
Objective To explore the characteristics of vibration response imaging ( VRI) among heavy smokers whose pulmonary function is normal. Methods 67 heavy smokers with normal pulmonary function, 60 healthy non-smokers, and 60 patients with COPD were recruited. History taking, physical examination, lung function test, chest X-ray, and VRI examination were performed. The difference of VRI dynamic imaging between the three groups was analyzed. Results VRI vibration energy curve which appeared low, flat, sunken-in, and single peak accounted for 43.3% , 16.4% , 16.4% , and 14.9% respectively in the heavy smokers, accounted for 6.7% , 3.3% ,0% , and 0% respectively in the healthy nonsmokers, accounted for 60% , 33.3% , 18.3% , and 16.7% respectively in the COPD patients. The results between the heavy smokers and the healthy non-smokers were significantly different. Compared with the heavy smokers, the COPD patients exhibited more low and flat in expiration period. The energy peak value ratio of inspiration and expiration phase in the heavy smokers, the healthy non-smokers, and the COPD patients were 0.56,0.74, and 0.54 respectively. There was no significant difference between the heavy smokers and the COPD patients in peak value ratio of inspiration and expiration phase. Conclusion The vibration energy curve of the VRI in heavy smokers with normal pulmonary function is significantly different fromhealthy nonsmokers, but there is no significant difference between heavy smokers and COPD patients.
Objective To systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence assisted narrow-band imaging endoscopy diagnostic system for colorectal adenomatous polyps. Methods Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP and Wanfang databases were searched. The diagnostic trials of the artificial intelligence assisted narrow-band imaging endoscopy diagnostic system for colorectal adenomatous polyps were comprehensively searched. The search time limit was from January 1, 2000 to October 31, 2022. The included studies were evaluated according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2, and the data were meta-analysed with RevMan 5.3, Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata 13.0 statistical softwares. Results Finally, 11 articles were included, including 2178 patients. Meta-analysis results of the artificial intelligence assisted narrow-band imaging endoscopy diagnostic system for colorectal adenomatous polyps showed that the pooled sensitivity was 0.91, the pooled specificity was 0.88, the pooled positive likelihood ratio was 7.41, the pooled negative likelihood ratio was 0.10, the pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 76.45, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.957. Among them, 5 articles reported the diagnosis of small adenomatous polyps (diameter <5 mm) by the artificial intelligence assisted narrow-band imaging endoscopy diagnostic system. The results showed that the pooled sensitivity and the pooled specificity were 0.93 and 0.91, respectively, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.971. Five articles reported the accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis for adenomatous polyps of those with insufficient experience. The results showed that the pooled sensitivity and the pooled specificity were 0.84 and 0.76, respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.848. Compared with the artificial intelligence assisted narrow-band imaging endoscopy diagnostic system, the difference was statistically significant (Z=1.979, P=0.048). Conclusion The artificial intelligence assisted narrow-band imaging endoscopy diagnostic system has a high diagnostic accuracy, which can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy for colorectal adenomatous polyps of those with insufficient endoscopic experience, and can effectively compensate for the adverse impact of their lack of endoscopic experience.
Objective To investigate the role of preoperative serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in evaluating differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Methods A total of 551 patients with thyroid nodules met the study criteria, who got treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University between Aug. 2017 and Dec. 2017. And the patients were divided into DTC group (n=110) and benign group (n=441) according to the postoperative pathological results. The difference of serum TSH level between the 2 groups was compared and then explored the diagnostic significance of serum TSH level, thyroid imaging report and data system (TI-RADS), and serum TSH combined withTI-RADS. Results The serum TSH level was higher in the DTC group than that of the benign group (Z=5.198, P<0.05). The sensitivity of preoperative serum TSH level in the diagnosis of DTC was 80.9% (89/110), the specificity was 74.4% (328/441), and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.660 ［95%CI was (0.602, 0.719), P<0.05］. The sensitivity of TI-RADS in the diagnosis of DTC was 82.7% (91/110), the specificity was 73.5% (324/441), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.772 ［95%CI was (0.711, 0.823), P<0.05］. The sensitivity of preoperative serum TSH combined with TI-RADS in the diagnosis of DTC was 91.8% (101/110), the specificity was 87.5% (386/441), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.831 ［95%CI was (0.786, 0.876), P<0.05］. Conclusions Preoperative serum TSH level may be a potential risk factor for the occurrence of DTC. Preoperative serum TSH level combined with TI-RADS classification can improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of DTC, not only to reduce the misdiagnosis of thyroid cancer, but also can avoid excessive treatment.
Intrahepatic ectopic splenosis is rare and lacks typical clinical and imaging features. We analyzed the clinical, pathological, and imaging characteristics of a patient with intrahepatic ectopic splenosis admitted to the Guangzhou First People’s Hospital in combining with literature review. The aim of case analysis is to enhance comprehension of the disease and provide a reference for clinical doctors in diagnosis.
With the rapid development of ophthalmic imaging methods, there are many ways of examination in the diagnosis and treatment of fundus diseases, such as FFA, ICGA, FAF, OCT and emerging blood vessels by OCT angiography in recent years. Multi-model image can understand the changes of anatomical structure and function of different levels and parts of the fundus from different aspects. A variety of imaging examinations are combined and complemented each other, which makes us have a further understanding of the location and pathological changes of many fundus diseases. But at the same time, the emergence of multi-modal images also brings a series of problems. How to standardize the use of multi-modal imaging platform to better serve the clinic is a problem that ophthalmologists need to understand.
Objective To summary the principle of magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and its application progress in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods The newest related literatures of home and abroad were collected and reviewed. Results Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging was a technology using the magnetic resonance phenomena and chemical shift phenomena to measure molecular organization. The spectroscopy most commonly used in clinical and scientific research includes 1H， 31P， and 23Na. Conclusion Magnetic resonance spectroscopy as the only approach to noninvasive quantitative provding biochemical information in vivo， has an important significance to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.