Objective To investigate the impact of laparoscopic versus. open hepatic resection for liver cancer on clinical rehabilitation and humoral immune function in patients organism. Methods Forty-four patients of laparoscopic and open left-lateral sectionectomy from January 2010 to June 2012 were selected， including 22 patients of laparoscopy group and 22 patients of conventional laparotomy group. The levels of IgG， IgA， IgM， C3， C4， C reactive protein （CRP）， IL-2， IL-6， and TNF-α in peripheral blood of patients on the last day before operation， first day and 5th day after operation were determinated by using ELISA assay. At the same time， the operative time， intraoperative bleeding， hospitalization time， and complications after operation between two groups were compared. Results The postoperative analgesic using time， first time eating， and hospitalization time in laparoscopic group were （1.9±0.8） days， （2.2±0.5） days， and （6.3±1.3） days， respectively， they were shorter than that in conventional laparotomy group （P＜0.05）. The operative time， intraoperative bleeding， complication rate， and mortality in two groups were not significant differences（P＞0.05） . Compared with before operation， the levels of C3， C4， IgA， IgG， IgM， and IL-2 on the first day after oper-ation in two groups were obviusly reduced， the levels of CRP， IL-6， and TNF-α on the first day after operation in two groups were significantly increased. The levels of C3， C4， lgA， IgG， lgM， and IL-2 on the first day after operation in conventional laparotomy group were significantly decreased than that in laparoscopic group （P＜0.05）. On the 5th day after operation， the levels of C3， C4， lgA， IgG， lgM， and IL-2 of laparoscopy group increased， the levels of CRP， IL-6，and TNF-α were reduced，that were no difference compared with before operation. Compared with before operation，the levels of C3， C4， lgA， IgG， lgM， and IL-2 of conventional laparotomy group were still at a low level state， and the levels of CRP， IL-6， and TNF-α were still at a high level state on the 5th day after operation. Conclusions Laparoscopic resection of liver cancer after operation， the patients’ recovery are quickly， and the impact on humoral immune function of laparoscopic radical resection for liver cancer patients is significantly less than that conventional laparotomy.
Objective To review the osteoimmunomodulatory effects and related mechanisms of inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair. Methods A wide range of relevant domestic and foreign literature was reviewed, the characteristics of various inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair were summarized, and the osteoimmunomodulatory mechanism in the process of bone repair was discussed. Results Immune cells play a very important role in the dynamic balance of bone tissue. Inorganic biomaterials can directly regulate the immune cells in the body by changing their surface roughness, surface wettability, and other physical and chemical properties, constructing a suitable immune microenvironment, and then realizing dynamic regulation of bone repair. Conclusion Inorganic biomaterials are a class of biomaterials that are widely used in bone repair. Fully understanding the role of inorganic biomaterials in immunomodulation during bone repair will help to design novel bone immunomodulatory scaffolds for bone repair.
Objective To explore the causal relationship between DNA copy number and the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, as well as to investigate the potential mediating effects of immune cells. Methods The data related to 731 immune cell types, DNA copy number and AD from the Genome-Wide Association Study database were collected. A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship between DNA copy number and AD, primarily using the inverse-variance weighted method and MR-Egger method. Additionally, a two-step mediation analysis was performed to identify potential mediating immune cells. Results A total of 134 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were included for bidirectional MR analysis. The MR methods results showed a negative causal relationship between DNA copy number and the risk of AD (P<0.05), while the reverse analysis showed no statistical significance. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these results. The mediation analysis indicated that the immune cell phenotype (HVEM on CD45RA-CD4+) partially mediated the causal relationship between DNA copy numbers and the risk of AD, with a mediation effect proportion of 4.6%. Conclusion An increase in DNA copy numbers may reduce the risk of AD, and immune cells partially mediate this causal relationship.
Most immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) resulted from excessive immune response against normal organs. The severity, timing, and organs affected by these events were often unpredictable. Adverse reactions could cause treatment delays or interruptions, in rare cases, pose a life-threatening risk. The mechanisms underlying irAE involved immune cell dysregulation, imbalances in inflammatory factor expression, alterations in autoantibodies and complement activation, even dysbiosis of intestinal microorganisms. However, the mechanisms of irAE occurrence might differ slightly among organs due to variations in their structures and the functions of resident immune cells. Future research should focus on the development of targeted drugs for the prevention or treatment of irAE based on the mechanisms by which irAE occurs in different organs. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying irAE occurrence would aid clinicians in effectively utilizing ICIs and provide valuable guidance for their clinical application.
Objective To investigate the correlation between systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and other metabolic indicators and diabetic epiretinal membranes (dERM). MethodsA retrospective case-control study. From March 2022 to July 2023, 81 patients (81 eyes) with dERM in Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University of Medicine School diagnosed by fundus screening were included in the study. A total of 81 patients (81 eyes) with diabetes who were matched in age, gender, and duration of diabetes and had no dERM or diabetic macular edema in both eyes during fundus screening were selected as the control group. All patients underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination and laboratory tests for peripheral blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet counts, serum albumin, blood lipids, uric acid, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). SII was calculated. Random urine samples were collected for urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) testing. The OCT device's own analysis software obtained the macular volume coefficient, including central foveal thickness (CMT), macular volume, and average macular thickness. The macular volume coefficient, SII, serum albumin, blood lipids, uric acid, HbA1c, and ACR between the two groups were compared using paired t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for dERM; Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between CMT, SII, ACR, disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL), intraretinal cyst (IRC), and hyper-reflective foci (HRF) in patients with dERM. ResultsThere were significant differences in CMT, macular volume, average macular thickness, SII, serum albumin, and ACR between the dERM group and the control group (Z=−7.234, −6.306, −6.400, −3.063, −2.631, −3.868; P＜0.05). Conditional logistics regression analysis showed that high SII [odds ratio (OR)= 3.919, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.591-9.654, P=0.003] and ACR (OR=4.432, 95%CI 1.885-10.420, P=0.001) were risk factors for dERM. Spearman correlation analysis showed that HRF, IRC, DRIL were positively correlated with CMT (Rs=0.234, 0.330, 0.248; P=0.036, 0.003, 0.026); HRF was positively correlated with SII and ACR (Rs=0.233, 0.278; P=0.036, 0.012). ConclusionElevated SII and ACR are independent risk factors for the occurrence of dERM.
Objective To evaluate the correlation between cyclin B1 (CCNB1) gene expression and the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Oncomine, STRING, Human Protein Atlas, The Cancer Genome Atlas and other databases as well as Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Spearman correlation analysis were used to verify the effect of CCNB1 on patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Results CCNB1 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, and the high expression was correlated with T stage (P=0.001), N stage (P<0.001), pathological stage (P<0.001) and gender (P=0.008). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the expression of CCNB1, T stage, N stage, M stage and pathological stage were the factors affecting the overall survival rate of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (P<0.05); multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the expression of CCNB1 and T stage were independent risk factors for overall survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high expression of CCNB1 was associated with shorter overall survival [hazard ratio (HR)=1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.20, 2.14), P=0.002], disease-specific survival [HR=1.68, 95%CI (1.16, 2.44), P=0.006] and progression-free interval [HR=1.42, 95%CI (1.09, 1.85), P=0.009]. The ROC curve showed that CCNB1 might be a potential diagnostic molecule for lung adenocarcinoma [area under the curve=0.980, 95%CI (0.967, 0.993)]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that CCNB1 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of T helper cells 2 (rs=0.805, P<0.001) and T helper cells (rs=0.103, P=0.017), and negatively correlated with the infiltration of natural killer cells (rs=−0.195, P<0.001), macrophages (rs=−0.134, P=0.002), and T cells (rs=−0.092, P=0.033). Conclusion CCNB1 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma compared with normal tissues, which is related to poor prognosis and may provide a potential therapeutic target for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
ObjectiveTo analyze the correlations between the immune function and inflammatory factors levels of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the results of in vitro high-throughput drug sensitivity, and to provide a reference for personalized drug selection for patients with HCC. MethodsThe patients with HCC who met the inclusion criteria from December 2019 to June 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were included. The HCC cells were used to perform in vitro high-throughput drug sensitivity screening, the result was classified into sensitive and insensitive. The correlations between drug sensitivity results and immune function and inflammatory factors levels of corresponding patients were analyzed, and the relation between these indexes (P<0.05) and drug sensitivity of HCC cells to drugs or combination regimen of drugs was further analyzed by univariate logistic regression. ResultsA total of 74 patients with HCC were included in this study. The results showed that the level of interleukin-6 was negatively correlated with sorafenib, caffezomib, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin + epirubicin + irinotecan + 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin + irinotecan + epirubicin, and oxaliplatin + epirubicin regimens on the inhibition rates of HCC in vitro (P<0.05), and positively correlated with bortezomib (P<0.05). However, the level of interleukin-6 was not related to the sensitivity of HCC cells to these single drugs or combined regimens (P>0.05). Meanwhile it was found that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was negatively correlated with cabotinib, apatinib, caffezomib, and epirubicin on the inhibition rates of HCC in vitro (P<0.05), and positively correlated with epirubicin (P<0.05). But only it was found that tumor necrosis factor-α level was related to the sensitivity of HCC cells to epirubicin (P<0.05). ConclusionsTumor necrosis factor-α level in peripheral blood of patients with HCC has a certain relation with epirubicin on inhibition rate of HCC in vitro and it might have a certain value in predicting sensitivity of HCC cells to epirubicin. Meanwhile, although it is found that level of IL-6 is related to sorafenib, caffezomib, gemcitabine, or including combination regiems including oxaliplatin and epirubicin on inhibition rates of HCC in vitro, their value is not found in predicting sensitivity of HCC cells to these single drugs or combined regimens.
ObjectiveTo summarize the characteristics of the occurrence and development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and to review the important regulatory role of immune cells in the progression of ONFH. MethodsThe domestic and foreign literature on the immune regulation of ONFH was reviewed, and the relationship between immune cells and the occurrence and development of ONFH was analyzed. ResultsThe ONFH region has a chronic inflammatory reaction and an imbalance between osteoblast and osteoclast, while innate immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and immune effector cells such as T cells and B cells are closely related to the maintenance of bone homeostasis. ConclusionImmunotherapy targeting the immune cells in the ONFH region and the key factors and proteins in their regulatory pathways may be a feasible method to delay the occurrence, development, and even reverse the pathology of ONFH.
Objective To investigate the prediction of baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the prognosis of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) + lenvatinib + camrelizumab. Method The clinical data of 58 patients treated with TACE + lenvatinib + camrelizumab in the Department of Liver Surgery of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from June 2020 to May 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 58 cases included, 7 cases were complete response (CR), 37 cases were partial response (PR), 11 cases were stable disease (SD), and 3 cases were progressive disease (PD). All cases had different degrees of adverse events, including 58 cases of grade 1, 36 cases of grade 2, 35 cases of grade 3, and 1 case of grade 4. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) based on modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) were 75.9% (44/58) and 94.8% (55/58), respectively. The hepatectomy rate was 31.0% (18/58) and the conversion success rate was 37.9% (22/58). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was an independent risk factor for ORR (OR=0.093, P=0.008). All cases were followed up for 16–60 weeks, with a median follow-up of 34 weeks. Overall survival situation (χ2=4.163, P=0.041) and progression free survival situation (χ2=10.626, P=0.001) in the low NLR group were better than those of the high NLR group. Conclusion NLR has clinical significance in predicting the prognosis of uHCC cases underwent TACE + lenvatinib + camrelizumab, which is worthy of further study.
ObjectiveTo investigate the association between preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and early allograft dysfunction (EAD) in liver transplant recipients. MethodsThe patients underwent liver transplantation who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2015 to December 2019 were collected. The postoperative EAD was analyzed. The generalized propensity score weighting (GPSW) were used to balance the confounding factors affecting the occurrence of EAD. ResultsA total of 390 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this study, 93 cases of EAD occurred, the incidence of EAD was 23.8%. The recipient’s model for endstage liver disease score and Child-Pugh grade, the donor’s body mass index, age, and graft weight, and the intraoperative cold ischemia time, liver transplantation time, intraoperative blood loss, total infusion, red blood cell transfusion, autologous blood reinfusion, fresh frozen plasma transfusion, concentrated platelet transfusion, total red blood cell and autologous blood transfusions were balanced by GPSW, then the overall mean correlation coefficient of the 14 covariables and SII decreased from 0.049 to 0.039, and each covariable reached the standard of less than 0.1. The binary logistic regression analysis based on GPSW showed that there was no significant association between SII and EAD (P=0.371). ConclusionFrom preliminary result of this study, it is not found that preoperative SII of liver transplantation patients is related to occurrence of postoperative EAD.