Diabetes mellitus patients have the characteristics of higher morbidity of ischemic stroke, severe symptoms, more recurrent stroke and higher mortality. Current studies have shown that stroke patients with or without diabetes mellitus have different pathophysiological mechanisms during stroke progress. Accordingly, treatment that is beneficial to non-diabetes mellitus patients may not be beneficial to diabetes mellitus stroke patients. This article reviews the current research status of pathophysiological mechanism of diabetes mellitus complicated with ischemic stroke, and provides reference for the relevant research of drug intervention in diabetes mellitus patients complicated with stroke.
Objective To investigate the effectiveness and preliminary mechanisms of icariin (ICA) in enhancing the reparative effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on skin radiation damagies in rats. Methods Twelve SPF-grade Sprague Dawley rats [body weight (220±10) g] were subjected to a single dose of 10 Gy X-ray irradiation on a 1.5 cm×1.5 cm area of their dorsal skin, with a dose rate of 200 cGy/min to make skin radiation damage model. After successful modelling, the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=3), and on day 2, the corresponding cells were injected subcutaneously into the irradiated wounds: group A received 0.1 mL of rat ADSCs (1×107cells/mL), group B received 0.1 mL of rat ADSCs (1×107cells/mL)+1 μmol/L ICA (0.1 mL), group C received 0.1 mL of rat ADSCs (1×107cells/mL) pretreated with a hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) inhibitor+1 μmol/L ICA (0.1 mL), and group D received 0.1 mL of rat ADSCs (1×107cells/mL) pretreated with a Notch1 inhibitor+1 μmol/L ICA (0.1 mL). All treatments were administered as single doses. The skin injury in the irradiated areas of the rats was observed continuously from day 1 to day 7 after modelling. On day 28, the rats were sacrificed, and skin tissues from the irradiated areas were harvested for histological examination (HE staining and Masson staining) to assess the repair status and for quantitative collagen content detection. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect CD31 expression, while Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to measure the protein and mRNA relative expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), HIF-2α, and Notch1, 2, and 3. ResultsAll groups exhibited skin ulcers and redness after irradiation. On day 3, exudation of tissue fluid was observed in all groups. On day 7, group B showed significantly smaller skin injury areas compared to the other 3 groups. On day 28, histological examination revealed that the epidermis was thickened and the dermal fibers were slightly disordered with occasional inflammatory cell aggregation in group A. In group B, the epidermis appeared more normal, the dermal fibers were more orderly, and there was an increase in new blood vessels without significant inflammatory cell aggregation. In contrast, groups C and D showed significantly increased epidermal thickness, disordered and disrupted dermal fibers. Group B had higher collagen fiber content than the other 3 groups, and group D had lower content than group A, with significant differences (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that group B had significantly higher CD31 expression than the other 3 groups, while groups C and D had lower expression than group A, with significant differences (P<0.05). Western blot and qRT-PCR results indicated that group B had significantly higher relative expression levels of VEGF, PDGF-BB, FGF-2, IL-10, TGF-β, HIF-2α, and Notch1, 2, and 3 proteins and mRNAs compared to the other 3 groups (P<0.05). Conclusion ICA may enhance the reparative effects of ADSCs on rat skin radiation damage by promoting angiogenesis and reducing inflammatory responses through the HIF-2α-VEGF-Notch signaling pathway.
Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmia. Cardiac mapping technology, an important method to study the electrophysiological mechanism of atrial fibrillation, can determine the abnormal origin and record the distribution and transmission way of these atrial electrical signals. This technology offers a new way for research the electrophysiological mechanism of atrial fibrillation. The purpose of this study is to review the research progress of cardiac mapping in the electrophysiological mechanism of atrial fibrillation and clinical application.
Radiofrequency ablation for hepatic hemangioma is safe and effective, and can obtain the same curative effect as traditional surgical resection. For hepatic hemangiomas with large volume, abundant arterial blood supply and long ablation time, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) often occurs after radiofrequency ablation, which can lead to injury or dysfunction of important organs. This paper systematically summarizes the mechanism, prevention and treatment of SIRS after radiofrequency ablation of hepatic hemangioma, so as to provide reference for improving the safety of radiofrequency ablation of hepatic hemangioma.
Objective To review the changes of gut microbiota after bariatric surgery and the related mechanisms of improving metabolism. Method Domestic and international literatures in recent ten years on the changes of gut microbiota in bariatric surgery and the mechanisms of improving metabolism were collated and summarized. Result The common bariatric procedures performed to date were vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The changes of gut microbiota vary in different surgical procedures, which were related to the changes of diet habits, gastrointestinal anatomy, gastrointestinal hormone levels and metabolic complications. The gut microbiota might improve the body metabolism by regulating the levels of short chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids and bacterial endotoxin in the intestinal lumen. Conclusions Significant changes are found in gut microbiota after bariatric surgery, which may be involved in the improvement of body metabolism by regulating the level of bacterial endotoxin and microbial metabolite. However, more in-depth mechanisms need to be further clarified.
Automatic classification of medical questions is of great significance in improving the quality and efficiency of online medical services, and belongs to the task of intent recognition. Joint entity recognition and intent recognition perform better than single task models. Currently, most publicly available medical text intent recognition datasets lack entity annotation, and manual annotation of these entities requires a lot of time and manpower. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a medical text classification model, bidirectional encoder representation based on transformer-recurrent convolutional neural network-entity-label-semantics (BRELS), which integrates medical entity label semantics. This model firstly utilizes an adaptive fusion mechanism to absorb prior knowledge of medical entity labels, achieving local feature enhancement. Then in global feature extraction, a lightweight recurrent convolutional neural network (LRCNN) is used to suppress parameter growth while preserving the original semantics of the text. The ablation and comparison experiments are conducted on three public medical text intent recognition datasets to validate the performance of the model. The results show that F1 score reaches 87.34%, 81.71%, and 77.74% on each dataset, respectively. The results show that the BRELS model can effectively identify and understand medical terminology, thereby effectively identifying users’ intentions, which can improve the quality and efficiency of online medical services.
Objective To summarize the research status and progress of intestinal microecology and trauma, in order to provide ideas for high-quality and effective treatment of trauma. Method The literatures on intestinal microecology and trauma at home and abroad in recent years were analyzed and reviewed. Results Intestinal microecology changed after trauma, but the mechanism of trauma on intestinal microecology was not clear. Intestinal microecological agents (such as probiotics), fecal bacteria transplantation, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment could maintain post-traumatic intestinal microecology. Conclusions The relationship between trauma and intestinal microbiota may provide valuable diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic insights for improving the outcome after trauma, but the impact, mechanism, and intervention measures of trauma on intestinal microecology still need to be further studied.
Psilocybin is a hallucinogenic indole alkaloid derived from mushrooms, which is metabolized into psilocin in vivo and exerts biological effects. Clinical studies have shown that psilocybin has the effect of relieving anxiety and depression in cancer patients. Due to its fast onset, significant therapeutic effect, and low addictive nature, psilocybin has the potential to break through the bottleneck of slow action and poor efficacy of existing depression drugs, bringing new hope for the treatment of severe depression and refractory depression. This article will review the pharmacokinetics, antidepressant mechanisms, and research progress of psilocybin, providing a reference for subsequent research.
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a multifactorial pathological process which is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. The main pathological changes of intervertebral disc degeneration are the degradation of extracellular matrix, apoptosis, autophagy, senescence and inflammation. Dysregulation of microRNAs has been implicated in various pathologies, including various degenerative diseases such as disc degeneration. This article reviews the research status of microRNA in degenerative disc pathology, with emphasis on the biological mechanisms and potential therapeutic prospects of microRNA in extracellular matrix degradation, apoptosis, inflammation, and cartilage endplate degeneration.
Legionella, one of the causative pathogens of atypical pneumonia, firstly outbroked during the period of American Legion’s convention in 1976, Philadelphia. Legionella infection can accompany multisystem involvement. In addition to pulmonary lesions, it also accompanies extrapulmonary manifestations, including gastrointestinal symptoms (primarily diarrhea and hepatic dysfunction), neurological symptoms (primarily headache, disorientation and confusion of consciousness), urinary symptoms (primarily hematuria, proteinuria and acute kidney injury), rhabdomyolysis, as well as electrolyte disorder mainly characterized by hyponatremia and hypophosphatemia. This article reviews the extrapulmonary manifestations and its regulatory mechanism of Legionella infection.