OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and distribution of platelet derived growth factor receptor-beta(PDGFR-beta) in normal skin and keloid and to discuss its biological function in keloid formation. METHODS: 1. To detect the expression and distribution of PDGFR-beta in normal skin and keloid tissue by immunohistochemistry; 2. To detect the receptor expression in vitro by Flow cytometry (FCM); 3. To detect the subcellular distribution of receptor by Laser confocal microscope. RESULTS: 1. Immunohistochemistry showed that normal skin and keloid tissue were almost the same in expression but different in distribution of PDGFR-beta; 2. There was more expression of PDGFR-beta in normal fibroblasts than that in keloid fibroblasts in vitro by FCM; 3. Laser confocal microscope revealed that the PDGFR-beta concentrated on the surface of cell membrane in keloid fibroblasts, but in normal skin fibroblasts, the receptors were coagulated on the nuclear membrane and intranucleus. CONCLUSION: Compared with the fibroblasts in vivo, there was a difference of the PDGFR-beta expression in fibroblasts in vitro, more expression of PDGFR-beta in normal fibroblast than that in keloid fibroblast in vitro; and the subcellular distribution of PDGFR-beta was different in normal skin and keloid fibroblasts. The characteristics of the expression and distribution of PDGFR-beta in keloid may contribute to the formation of keloid.
Objective To investigate the feature and regularity of the collagen change in bone healing during bone lengthening. Methods Bone lengthening model was made in the middle segment of the rabbit tibia. Five days after the model was established, the bone was lengthened 1.5 mm perday for 14 days. The rabbits were put to death after elongation, 7,14,21,30,40,50,60 and 70 days after elongation. The distracted area of the bone was imbedded with paraffin. After being stained by the picric acidsirius red staining, the slice was observed under polarized microscope. Results The features of the collagen change in the distracted bone were as follows: ① In the fibrous tissue of the distracted area during lengthening period and the early stage after lengthening, there was not only collagen Ⅲ but alsomuch collagen Ⅰ. ② Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were observed in the cartilage. ③ Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were also observed in the pseudogrowth plate. ④ Collagen Ⅰ took the dominance during lengtheningperiod and the late stage after lengthening. Conclusion New bone formation in bone lengthening is under the distracted force, so the collagen changes have different features compared with that in fracture healing. Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲcan be identified by picric-acid-sirius red staining and polarized microscope, so a new method for studying the collagen typing in bone repairing is provided.
Objective To comprehend the pathological features and possible pathogenesis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) by morphology and immunohistochemical observation of osterix (OSX) and adiponectin through in vitro traumatic and non-traumatic ANFH specimens, so as to provide a theoretical basis for cl inical treatment. Methods Sixty-six ANFH specimens were collected from 66 cl inical cases undergoing hip replacement surgery. Twenty-four cases of traumatic ANFH (group A) included 17 males and 7 females, aged 21 to 70 years with an average of 56.5 years; 23 cases of steroid-induced ANFH (group B) included 16 males and 7 females, aged 56 to 72 years with an average of 61 years; and 19 cases of alcohol ic ANFH (group C) were males, aged 55 to 67 years with an average of 58.5 years. Bone tissue was got from weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing area of the femoral head respectively. The basic pathological changes was observed by HE staining under the optical microscope, and the percentage of empty bone lacuna and the percentage of trabecular bone area were calculated. The morphological changes of ANFH in different groups were observedby scanning electron microscope (SEM). OSX and adiponectin expression were detected by immunohistochemical technique. Results Gross of the femoral head surface in each group was rough, collapse, articular cartilage loss, osteophyte formation; cross section: dark red in group A, and yellow in groups B and C. HE staining showed that weight-bearing area of ANFH have similar morphological features in three groups. In non-weight-bearing area of groups B and C, the fat cells in bone marrow markedly increased and were hypertrophic; however there were more fibrous tissue in group A. There were statistically significant differences (P lt; 0.001) in the percentage of empty bone lacuna of the weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing area among three groups. There were no statistically significant differences (P gt; 0.05) in the percentage of trabecular bone area among three groups. The SEM observation showed that three groups had similar pathological changes. Brown granules for OSX and adiponectin positive substance were mainly located in the osteoblast of bone marrow of the femoral head. There was statistically significant difference (P lt; 0.05) in the average absorbency (A) value of OSX between group A and groups B, C, but there was no statistically significant difference (P gt; 0.05) between groups B and C. While there was no statistically significant difference (P gt; 0.05) in the A value of adiponectin among three groups. Conclusion Hormones and alcohol necrosis have more obviously fatty degeneration, but the repair capacity of traumatic femoral head necrosis is ber than that of hormones and alcohol necrosis. Alcohol and hormones have inhibitory action on the OSX-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Hormones and alcohol may not affect osteoblast expressing adiponectin and its receptors.
【Abstract】Objective To observe the bacteria in cholesterol stones by electronic microscope and to explore the role of bacteria in the stone formation.Methods Twelve patients with cholelithiasis underwent operations (male 6, female 6, average age 54.6 years） with cholecystolithiasis 5, extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile duct stone 1, common bile duct stone combining with gallstone 6. The cholesterol stones were observed by electronic microscope.Results There were bacterial structures in the cholesterol stones and cholesterol crystals.Conclusion There are bacteria in the core and peripheral of cholesterol stones, which suggests that bacteria may play an initial role in the formation of cholesterol stones.
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of microscope assisted anterior lumbar discectomy and fusion (ALDF) and mobile microendoscopic discectomy assisted lumbar interbody fusion (MMED-LIF) for lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods A clinical data of 163 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases who met the criteria between January 2018 and December 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. Fifty-three cases were treated with microscope assisted ALDF (ALDF group) and 110 cases with MMED-LIF (MMED-LIF group). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, age, disease type, surgical segments, preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of low back pain and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), intervertebral space height, lordosis angle, and spondylolisthesis rate of the patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis (P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay of the two groups were recorded. The effectiveness was evaluated by VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain and ODI. Postoperative lumbar X-ray films were taken to observe the position of Cage and measure the intervertebral space height, lordosis angle, and spondylolisthesis rate of the patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis. Results The operations were successfully completed in both groups. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay in ALDF group were less than those in MMED-LIF group (P<0.05). The patients in both groups were followed up 12-36 months, with an average of 24 months. The VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain and ODI after operation were lower than those before operation in the two groups, and showed a continuous downward trend, with significant differences between different time points (P<0.05). There were significant differences between two groups in VAS score of low back pain and ODI (P<0.05) and no significant difference in VAS score of leg pain (P>0.05) at each time point. The improvement rates of VAS score of low back pain and ODI in ALDF group were significantly higher than those in MMED-LIF group (t=7.187, P=0.000; t=2.716, P=0.007), but there was no significant difference in the improvement rate of VAS score of leg pain (t=0.556, P=0.579). The postoperative lumbar X-ray films showed the significant recovery of the intervertebral space height, lordosis angle, and spondylolisthesis rate at 2 days after operation when compared with preoperation (P<0.05), and the improvements were maintained until last follow-up (P>0.05). The improvement rates of intervertebral space height and lordosis angle in ALDF group were significantly higher than those in MMED-LIF group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the reduction rate of spondylolisthesis between the two groups (t=1.396, P=0.167). During follow-up, there was no loosening or breakage of the implant and no displacement or sinking of the Cage. Conclusion Under appropriate indications, microscope assisted ALDF and MMED-LIF both can achieve good results for lumbar degenerative diseases. Microscope assisted ALDF was superior to MMED-LIF in the improvement of low back pain and function and the recovery of intervertebral space height and lordosis angle.
Objective To study the influence of the immersed time by hydrogen dioxide on the characteristics of bovine cancellous bone granules in various periods. Methods Ten 24-month-old Qinchuan bovine, male or female, weighing 150-170 g, were selected. Cancellous bone granules from metaphysic of bovine long bone were cut into cubes of 5 mm × 5 mm ×5 mm and immersed by 8.8 mol/L hydrogen dioxide for 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours separately. Determination of ash, scanning electron microscope, X-ray energy spectrum and micro CT were used to investigate the changes of composition, structure and qual ity of bone. Results With the immersed time increasing, the contents of organics in the bone cancellous were reduced gradually, and obviously decreased during the periods of 0 to 24 hours and 60 to 72 hours (P lt; 0.05). The contents of calcium and phosphorus decreased gradually, they could not be detected almost after 60 days (P lt; 0.05). Bone mineral density and bone mineral content were decreased obviously after 60 hours (P lt; 0.05). The bone trabecula became sl immer and trabecular spacing became larger. Conclusion Hydrogen dioxide can be used to remove the antigen in xenogeneic bone; however as the time increasing (more than 60 hours) the composition and structure will be damaged. Thus it is important to control the immersed time for maintaining the biological characteristics of xenogeneic bone substitute as well as el iminating antigen by hydrogen dioxide.
ObjectiveTo design a method for observing pulmonary microcirculation in vivo in a native tissue environment, due to the high incidence of lung diseases and the advantages of animal experiments in vivo.MethodsTen BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into group A and group B, with five mice in each group. A self-made apparatus was used to control the movement towards local lung tissues in order to get a stabilized observation plane, and then a 5-minute video was shot with laser confocal scanning microscope. During the filming, the mice in group A were injected with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran via the tail vein, and the mice in group B were injected with green fluorescent protein-platelets (extracted from the blood of tie2-cre&rosa26-tomato-EGFP transgenic black C57 male mice). The data of group A was used to observe the lungs perfusion and the damage to tissue by this method, and the data of group B was used to observe the movement of platelets.ResultsImage of lung structure obtained by this method was clear and stable. Mean areas of alveolus in an instant and at the 30th, 60th, 120th, 180th, and 300th second were (1 603±181), (1 588±183), (1 528±363), (1 506±353), (1 437±369), (1 549±307) μm2, respectively, and there were no significant differences between each time point (P>0.05). The video was smooth, the rapid movement of platelets was recorded and the particles were clear and without tailing; after the observation, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed no obvious damage to the lung tissue.ConclusionThe method can be used for the observation and research of the lung microcirculatory system in the living state of the mouse, and provides a methodological basis for studies of other lung diseases in vivo.
Objective To observe the ultrasonographic features of idiopathic uveal effusion syndrome (IUES). MethodsA retrospective controlled study. From January 2012 to December 2023, 13 patients with IUES (26 eyes) diagnosed by ophthalmology examination in Department of Ophthalmonogy of Beijing Tongren Hospital (IUES group) and 22 healthy people with 30 eyes (control group) were included in the study. Both eyes of all participants were examined by color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) and ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM). The thickness of the ocular wall at 300 μm on the temporal side of the optic disc was measured by CDU. UBM was used to measure the thickness of the nasal and temporal scleral processes. Corneal thickness (CT), anterior chamber depth (AD), lens thickness (LT) and axial length (AL) were measured by A-mode ultrasound. There were no significant differences in age (t=0.842), sex component ratio (χ2=0.540), eye difference (χ2=0.108) and AL (t=0.831) between IUES group and control group (P＞0.05). The CDU and UBM imaging features and biometrics of IUES affected eyes were observed. Independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups. ResultsCDU examination results showed that in 26 eyes of IUES group, choroidal detachment occurred in 20 eyes (76.9%, 20/26), which showed arc-shaped band echo connected with peripheral and equatorial eye wall echo, with uniform low echo area below, and blood flow signal could be seen on the band echo. The echo thickened and decreased in 4 eyes (15.3%, 4/26). Nine eyes (33.3%, 9/26) were accompanied by retinal detachment, which showed that the posterior pole vitreous echo was connected to the optic disc echo, and the blood flow signal was seen on the ribbon echo. UBM results showed ciliary detachment in 22 eyes (84.7%, 22/26), showing a spongy thickening of the ciliary body with interlamellar echo separation and an echoless area between the sclera. Ciliary body echo thickened and decreased in 2 eyes (7.7%, 2/26). Shallow space between ciliary body and sclera was observed in 2 eyes (7.7%, 2/26). Compared with the control group, CT (Z=2.054), LT (Z=1.867), scleral thickness (Z=2.536) and ocular wall thickness (Z=2.094) were thickened in IUES group, and AD (Z=1.888) were decreased, with statistical significance (P＜0.05). ConclusionsThe CDU of IUES is characterized by a thickened echo of the ocular wall and a uniform low echo area under the detached choroid. UBM is characterized by a spongy thickening of the ciliary body echo with interlaminar echo separation.
Objective To explore the feasibility of microscopic spermatic vein ligation for unilateral varicocele under daytime surgical mode. Methods The clinical data of patients with unilateral varicocele who underwent daytime surgical treatment at the General Hospital of Northen Theater Command between January and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The relevant indicators of patients were collected, including age, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, total hospitalization expenses, and postoperative condition. Results A total of 159 patients were included, aged 18-41 years, with an average age of (27.79±4.80) years, an average surgical time of (49.23±5.57) minutes, and an average intraoperative blood loss of (8.94±3.58) mL. One patient had fever, nausea and acid regurgitation on the 2nd day after discharge, and one patient had urinary retention on the day after operation. Five patients had a pain score of ≥3 in the surgical area on the 1st day after surgery. All patients had no postoperative incisions with bleeding or hematoma. Follow up showed that all patients returned to normal life on the 3rd day after surgery and returned to work on the 10th day after surgery. At 3-6 months after surgery, the sperm quality of 94 patients improved. One patient experienced disease recurrence 6 months after surgery. Conclusion Microscopic spermatic vein ligation for unilateral varicocele under daytime surgical mode is safe and feasible, and is worthy of promotion.
In order to get high-resolution glomerulus image with large field of view (FOV), stitching multiple small FOV images with high-resolution is necessary. Directly stitching images without properly correction is not acceptable and cannot afford any significant assistance in pathological diagnosis for intensity inhomogeneity and geometric distortion. Therefore we proposed a method of distortion correction and intensity inhomogeneity correction of glomerulus transmission electron microscope (TEM) image. In this paper, we firstly describe how these two distortions degrade images. Secondly, based on the TEM imaging system, image acquisition model and distortion correction model were proposed. Then according to these two models, distortions were greatly degraded and stitching results were improved by respectively applying two corrections, intensity inhomogeneity correction and geometric distortion correction. With the method proposed here, the result was improved significantly and stripes, fuzzy and artifacts were decreased dramatically. Our method has been proved to be valid to solve the problems of TEM glomerulus image distortion and at the same time to improve the result of multiple TEM glomerulus image stitching.