The abnormalities of retinal vessels such as retinal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, micro-aneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, and cotton wool spot are closely related to systemic diseases including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, stroke and renal diseases. The modern retinal vessels examination technology has features of quick noninvasive, quantitative standardized and intelligent analysis. Taking advantage of these to fully discover the retinal vascular abnormalities and get deeper understanding of the relationship between its' mechanism and systemic vascular diseases is not only helpful to better diagnose and treat retinal vascular diseases, but also contributes to predicting the risk and prognosis of systemic diseases. We suggest emphasizing on the study of correlation between retinal vascular abnormalities and systemic vascular diseases using modern retinal vessels examination technology. It will provide the preventive clue of diseases of circulatory system by finding out the retinopathy. Meanwhile, correctly treating systemic diseases would get a better prognosis of the retinopathy. They exist side by side and play a part together for providing a better prognosis, which would be a new direction for the doctors and scientists in the new era.
Objective To evaluate the effects of mass immunization campaign on the epidemiological characteristics of measles. Methods Comparison was made between the incidences of measles before and after the mass immunization campaign in 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city. Results The total number of the reported measles cases reached 460 during 2004 to 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city, and the respective annual rates of incidence were 4.04, 23.53, 11.84, and 33.57, respectively per 100 000 heads. Cases reported from April to July accounted to 73.91% of the total (340/460). Children under 15 were reported to have the highest incidence rate and accounted to 83.70% of the total (385/460), of which incidences of children under 1 accounted to 0%, 10.81%, 13.51% and 25.82%, respectively. Only 20.00% of the subjects (92/460) in this study had a definite history of measles vaccination. After the mass immunization campaign in September, 2007, only 10 cases were reported in 2008 and the incidence rate was 1.58 per 100 000 heads, a 95.29% decrease in incidence rate in comparison with that of the last year. Conclusion The mass immunization campaign has achieved substantial results.
ObjectiveTo recognize the recent research progress in the prevention of duodenal stump leakage (DSL) after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy (LRG) for gastric cancer, so as to find a new breakthrough for reducing the occurrence of DSL. MethodA review was conducted by searching recent domestic and international literature on the prevention and management of DSL after LRG for gastric cancer. ResultsAt present, the risk factors of DSL after LRG were generally recognized in the literature, including relevant patients’ factors and surgery factors. The relevant factors of the patients themselves mainly were old age, malnutrition, and basic diseases; The factors relevant surgery mainly included surgical instruments, doctors’ operation level, etc. According to the literature, the measures taken for relevant patients’ factors mainly included preoperative improvement of nutritional status and control of the basic diseases; The preventive measures adopted for the relevant operation factors mainly included carefully intraoperative operation, improving of the anastomosis skills, and tacit cooperation of the team, which could reduce the occurrence of DSL. There was still controversy about the effect and method of routine duodenal stump reinforcement during operation. ConclusionsThe focus of reducing the occurrence of DSL is prevention. In clinical practice, patients with high-risk factors should receive special attention, with efforts to improve their condition, implement individualized decision-making, and perform meticulous intraoperative techniques to minimize complications, promote rapidly postoperative recovery, and maximize patients benefits.
ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of lentivirus-mediated polypyrimidine bundle binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) on retinal neovascularization (RNV) in mice model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).MethodsOne hundred and twelve 5-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control group, simple OIR model group, OIR model + lentivirus empty vector treatment group (Vec group) and OIR model + PSF lentivirus treatment group (PSF group), with 16, 32, 32 and 32 mice, respectively. When the mice were 7 days old, the mice in the normal control group were fed in a routine environment, and the mice in the OIR model group, Vec group and PSF group were established OIR model. The mice in the Vec group and PSF group were given an intravitreal injection of 1 μl of lentiviral vector and PSF lentivirus (titer 1×1011 TU/ml) at the age of 12 days. No injection was performed in the normal control group and simple OIR group. RNV was evaluated by counting the number of pre-retinal neovascular cells and analysis of non-perfusion area by immunofluorescent staining of the mouse retina. Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1). Western blot analysis was applied to detect the protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and PSF. Results Of the normal control group, simple OIR model group, Vec group and PSF group, the number of pre-retinal neovascular cell nuclei were 0.00, 14.36±5.50, 15.67±4.96, 8.13±2.09, the non-perfusion area were 0.00%, (35.71±2.81)%, (36.57±4.53)%, (15.33±4.75)%, respectively. The differences of the number of pre-retinal neovascular cell nuclei and non-perfusion area among 4 groups were significant (F=24.87, 165.70; P＜0.05). Compared with the normal control group, there were more pre-retinal neovascular cell nucleis and larger non-perfusion area in the simple OIR model group and Vec group (P＜0.05). Compared with the simple OIR model group and Vec group, there were lower pre-retinal neovascular cell nucleis and smaller non-perfusion area in the PSF group (P＜0.05). Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot showed that the mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1 (F=53.66, 83.54) and protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and PSF (F=58.38, 52.69, 24.79) among 4 groups were significant (P＜0.05). The mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and PSF in the simple OIR model group and Vec group decreased significantly than those in the normal control group (P＜0.05). The mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and PSF in the PSF group were increased significantly than those in the simple OIR model group and Vec group (P＜0.05). model group and Vec group (P＜0.05).ConclusionIntravitreal injection of lentivirus-mediated PSF inhibits RNV in mice model of OIR possibly through up-regulating the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1.
Healthcare-associated infections are common adverse events in healthcare settings, causing significant morbidity and mortality. There has been a significant increase in the commitment to Infection Prevention and Control worldwide in recent years. This important role and responsibilities are relying on the infection prevention and control practitioners (IPCPs). The competencies of IPCP is thus critical to the success of infection surveillance, prevention, and control program. IPCPs must ensure that they are competent in addressing the challenges they face and are equipped to be competent in fulfilling their duties. Core competencies and professional development of IPCP differ among countries while some are more progressive than the others. This review is aiming to be a reference to develop IPCP core competencies framework and professional development conducive for Asia Pacific region.
Targeted initiatives of West China Hospital of Sichuan University to cope with coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in three stages were summarized, including “three reconstructions” to mobilize in pre-epidemic stage, “three earlies” strategy to precisely treat critically ill patients in epidemic stage, and “three orderlies” to resume hospital operation in post-epidemic stage. The development of comprehensive hospitals in China after the epidemic was also discussed. It’s recommended to continuously strengthen the role of emergency response, early warning, comprehensive treatment, high-level talent training, international exchange, regional leadership, and collaborative innovation, in response to the shortcomings exposed in the epidemic.
Objective To investiget the necessity of carrying out the education of Tobacco Hazards and Prevention and Control in Chinese universities, and explore the teaching mode of Tobacco Hazards and Prevention and Control suitable for college students, so as to improve the teaching quality and the awareness level of Chinese college students on tobacco hazards. Methods A public elective course on Tobacco Hazards and Prevention and Control was set up in Sichuan University with the teaching mode of scientific popularization education, combining theory and practice. The 43 college students who had completed the public elective course on Tobacco Hazards and Prevention and Control in the autumn semester of 2022 were retrospectively included as the research group (the elective group), and 43 college students who did not take this course in the same period were included as the control group (the non-elective group) by the method of quota sampling. Questionnaire survey was adopted to investigate the basic information, personal and family smoking situation of the two groups of students, evaluate the purpose of taking this course, satisfaction with the course, and mastery of knowledge related to tobacco epidemiology of the students who had completed the course, and compare the awareness of tobacco hazards and the attitude toward tobacco prevention and control between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in age, gender, education level, place of student source, personal smoking situation, family smoking situation, or secondhand smoking exposure between the two groups (P>0.05). In the elective group, 58.1% of the students chose the course due to their personal interests, and 74.4% of the students were very satisfied with the course. The awareness rates of smoking causing myocardial infarction (97.7% vs. 72.1%) and stroke (97.7% vs. 81.4%), secondhand smoking causing heart disease in adults (97.7% vs. 76.7%), and “low tar not equaling to low hazard” (86.0% vs. 37.2%) in the elective group were significantly higher than those in the non-elective group (P<0.05). The rates of awareness of E-cigarettes being harmful to health and supportive attitude toward smoking being forbidden in public places were high in both groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Carrying out the public elective course on Tobacco Hazards and Prevention and Control in comprehensive universities with the teaching mode of popularizing science education and combining theory and practice can improve the theoretical knowledge and awareness level of college students related to tobacco, which is of great significance to improving the tobacco prevention and control awareness of college students.
PURPOSE:To observe the effect of laser/photocoagulation on prevention of recurrence of retinal datachment following removal of intraocular silicone oil. METHODS:Laser photocoagulation was performed in a series of 24 cases (24 eyes)which had been formerly operated on with vitreoretinal surgery and intraocular silicone oil tamponade for retinal datachment,2 weeks to 3 months before intraocular silicone oil removal. Argon green or krypton red laser photocoagulation were done in whole or half cycle scattered laser burns behind the sclera! ridge. RESULT:Among the 24 eyes ,after the intraocular silicone oil had been removed, 22 (91.7%)eyes had their retinas retained in normal position. CONCLUSION :Laser photocoagulation before removal of intraocular silicone oil might be helpful in avoiding the recurrence of retinal detachment. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 197-198）
Coronavirus disease 2019 has been widespread in Hubei province since the beginning of 2020. Many medical teams went to aid Hubei from the whole country. The medical team of West China Hospital of Sichuan University arrived in Jianghan district of Wuhan on January 25, 2020. As one of the earliest teams arriving Hubei, we explored the measures for infection prevention and control of resident, in order to reduce the risk for infection of medical team. The infection prevention and control experiences on the establishment of infection control team, process management, behavior management, clean disinfection, infection monitoring and emergency response and emergency response to exposure of the medical team of West China Hospital were summarized in this article.
This paper reviews the implementation of disease prevention and control policy of Sichuan province in three historic stages, and analyses the situation, challenges and tasks about disease prevention and controlling in future, based on the new requirements about hygiene and medicine. Three strategies should be taken: 1) to improve the capacity and quality of health service; 2) to optimize the structure of institutions and talent teams; 3) to focus on the Healthy Sichuan construction, the treatment-prevention synergy, and the poverty health care.