Objective To inverstingate the effect of perfluorohexyloctane(F6H8)to the retina of rabbit eyes. Methods Fifteen vitrectomized New Zealand white rabbits were injectedF6H8(experiment group,12 rabbits ) and BSS(control group,3 rabbits) into vitreous cavity.Slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed pre- and postoperatively in all the eyes.Histopathological examination was done after the rabbits were sacrificed at the end of the study. Results A large clear balb was formed after intravitreal injection of theF6H8 in the vitreous was injected and no retinal detachment and cataract were found.The OPL was edematous and then thinned out in 4th week in experimental group.Degenerating cells was found in inner and outer nuclear layers.Cellular vaculoar degeneration was present in TEM. ConclusionF6H8 in vitreous cavity may cause significant side effects on retina,we could not recommend it to be used as an intraocular temponade.
Objective To investigate the ingestion, metabolism and subcellular localization of indocyanine green (ICG) in human retinal epithelial (R PE) cells.Methods RPE cells were incubated with 0.25 mg/ml ICG under the condition of 37oC in the camera. The ICG granule and ultrastructure of RPE cells were observed under the electron microscopy after 1, 4, and 24hour incubation, and the ICG autofluorescence was detected by fluorescence microscopy after the incubation for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. The ab sorbency (A value) of ICG solution was measured at 805 nm with ultraviol et/v isible specrtrometer. The standard curve of concentration of ICG was drawn and the related equation of concentration of ICG and the A value was calculated. After being incubated for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively, the A value of supernatant fluid was calculated according to the equation. Aft er incubated with ICG for 24 hours, one sample was observed under electron microscope and fluorescence microscope per week to evaluate the metabolizable period of ICG .Results ICG granules were distributed evenly after entering the RPE cells. After incubated with 0.25 mg/ml ICG for 24 hours, no significant change of the ultrastructure of the RPE cells was found. ICG granules accu mulated in the cells as the time goes by and reached the peak after 24 hours, and then they decreased because of the slowdown of the metabolism. Few ICG was still remained in the cells 1 week later Conclusions RPE cells may take in ICG actively. ICG metabolizable period in RPE cells is long, which may be one of the mechanisms of the toxicity of ICG to the retina in the vitreous operation.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：179-181)
This paper is to evaluate the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of a new Ni-free Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG), Zr60.14Cu22.31Fe4.85Al9.7Ag3, by comparing it with conventional Ti6Al4V alloy. According to ISO 10993-5:1999 and GB/T 16886.5-1997 standards, Zr60.14Cu22.31Fe4.85Al9.7Ag3, pure Zr and Ti6Al4V materials were extracted with surface area of sample/volume of medium ratio being 1 cm2/mL and 0.5 cm2/mL, respectively. The viabilities of MG-63 cells (Human osteosarcoma cell line) cultured in the BMG medium extracts for 1, 3 and 5 days were determined by CCK-8 assay. The cellular morphology of MG-63 cells cultured on the surface of samples for 3 days was tested through laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relative growth rate (RGR) of MG-63 cells cultured in Zr60.14Cu22.31 Fe4.85 Al9.7Ag3 and pure Zr were both more than 85%, indicating that the cytotoxicity of BMG was relatively low and met the national biomedical material eligibility standard. There was insignificant difference in the morphology of MG-63 cells cultured in the BMG medium extracts and the control group through LSCM and SEM, which showed the BMG had excellent biological compatibility. The Zr-based bulk metallic glass Zr60.14Cu22.31Fe4.85Al9.7Ag3 and the conventional Ti6Al4V alloy both had no obvious cytotoxicity to MG-63 cells. These results provided evidence that the new Zr-based bulk metallic glass could be potential replacement material for the orthopedic surgical implant.
Objective To investigate the cell compatibility of the porcine acellular lumens matrix substituting bile duct and evaluate the method to guide the clinical application of the porcine lumens scaffold. Methods Porcine bile duct and ureter were treated using detergent sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and 1% Triton X-100 to prepare the acellular lumens matrix. The toxic effects of different concentrations of acellular lumens matrix extract were tested by MTT to assess the proliferation of human scarfskin fibroblasts (HSF). The cytotoxicity of the target biomaterial was graded according to the national standards. The growth manner of the human intrahepatic bile duct endothelial cells (HIBDCs) seeded on the acellular lumens matrix was studied after 20 d under scanning electron microscopy.Results Acellular lumens matrix was completely devoid of cellular and nuclear material while maintaining the integrity of extracellular collagenous matrix. The cytotoxicity score of the matrix was in grade 0－1, which meant the biomaterial had no cytotoxicity. The microscopy showed the seeded HIBDCs had the potentials of spread and proliferation on the matrix, but there were few cells infiltrating into the acellular lumens matrix. Conclusions Porcine acellular lumens matrix is a natural non-toxic xenogenic lumens substitute with good cell affinity, but the time of adherence is long, so further endeavors are needed to improve the progress of adherence.
ObjectiveTo explore the current situation of financial toxicity (FT) of breast cancer patients undergoing daytime chemotherapy under the background of diagnosis intervention packet (DIP) and its influencing factors, and to build a risk early warning model.Methods Convenient sampling method was used to select breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in the daytime ward of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital between April and May 2022. The general data questionnaire and FT comprehensive score scale were used to investigate them, and the influencing factors of patients’ FT were discussed through single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis, and the risk early warning model was established. Hosmer-Lemeshow fitting effect test was used to evaluate the prediction effect of the model.Results A total of 278 patients were included. The median (lower quartile, upper quartile) of FT score was 14.00 (8.75, 23.00), of which 195 patients (70.14%) had FT score≤22; 83 patients (29.86%) had FT scores>22. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, per capita monthly income of families, commercial health insurance, chemotherapy cycle, tumor stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy were the influencing factors for high-risk FT of breast cancer patients undergoing daytime chemotherapy. The results of Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed that the model-predicted FT of breast cancer patients undergoing daytime chemotherapy was in good agreement with the actual observation value (χ2=10.685, P=0.220). The area under the curve of the model was 0.931 [95% confidence interval (0.900, 0.962)], the sensitivity was 0.807, and the specificity was 0.913.Conclusions The FT of breast cancer patients undergoing daytime chemotherapy is at a high level. Older age, purchase of commercial health insurance, and high per capita monthly income of families are protective factors for high-risk FT. The wind with chemotherapy cycle≤4 weeks, tumor stage Ⅱ, neoadjuvant chemotherapy are high-risk FT risk factors. The final warning model has been tested to have a good prediction effect, which can provide a reference for clinical medical staff to identify high-risk FT patients early and make preventive strategies as soon as possible.
ObjectiveTo study the effect of three-dimensional (3D) printed β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) anti-tuberculosis drug sustained release microspheres on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and its cytotoxicity.MethodsIsoniazid and rifampicin/PLGA sustained release microspheres were prepared by W/O/W multiple emulsion method. The β-TCP scaffolds were prepared by 3D printing technique. The microspheres were loaded on the scaffolds by centrifugal oscillation method to prepare composite materials. The BMSCs of Sprague Dawley rat were isolated and cultured by whole bone marrow adherent method, and the third generation cells were used for the following experiments. BMSCs were co-cultured with osteogenic induction medium (group A), PLGA anti-tuberculosis drug sustained release microsphere extract (group B), 3D printed β-TCP scaffold extract (group C), and 3D printed β-TCP scaffold loaded PLGA anti-tuberculosis drug sustained release microsphere composite extract (group D), respectively. Cytotoxicity was detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) method; the calcium deposition was observed by alizarin red staining; and the mRNA expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).ResultsCCK-8 assay showed that the absorbance (A) value of groups A, B, C, and D increased gradually with the culture time prolonging. After cultured for 24, 48, and 72 hours, the A value decreased in the order of groups A, C, B, and D. There was no significant difference between groups B and D (P>0.05), but there were significant differences between other groups (P<0.05). The cytotoxicity was evaluated as grade 0-2, and the toxicity test was qualified. Alizarin red staining showed that red mineralized nodules were formed in all groups at 21 days after osteogenic induction, but the number of mineralized nodules decreased sequentially in groups C, D, A, and B. RT-qPCR test results showed that the relative expressions of OCN and BSP genes in groups A, B, C, and D increased gradually with the culture time prolonging. The relative expression of ALP gene increased at 7 and 14 days, and decreased at 21 days. After cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days, the relative expressions of ALP, OCN, and BSP genes decreased sequentially in groups C, D, A, and B; the differences were significant between groups at different time points (P<0.05).Conclusion3D printed β-TCP loaded PLGA anti-tuberculosis drug sustained release microsphere composites have no obvious cytotoxicity to BMSCs, and can promote BMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts to a certain extent.
Objective To evaluate the cytotoxicity of microdosis peracetic acid (PAA) so as to provide the evidence for making residual l imit of PAA steril ization. Methods Mouse fibroblasts (L929 cell l ine) cultured in vitro were observed to evaluate the influence of microdosis PAA including 1 × 10-6, 2 × 10-6, 3 × 10-6, 4 × 10-6, 5 × 10-6, and 10 × 10-6 (V/V). Theproliferation of cells was determined by MTT assay at 2, 4, and 7 days of culture. The growth curve and the relative growth rate (RGR) were obtained. The cytotoxicity of PAA at different concentrations was evaluated according to RGR. Results At 2, 4, and 7 days after culture, fibroblasts of 1 × 10-6 group grew with normal morphology analogous to control group, while the cell growth of other groups were poor. With the increase of PAA concentration, the absorbance (A) values decreased, which suggested that there was a significant negative correlation between cell prol iferation and PAA concentration. And the correlation coefficient was — 1.000 at 2 and 4 days, — 0.964 at 7 days. There was no significant difference in A value between 1 × 10-6 group and the control group (P gt; 0.05), while there were significant differences in A value between the control group and other concentration groups (P lt; 0.05). The growth curve of 1 × 10-6 group was similar to that of the control group, both had obvious phase of exponential growth. The growth curves of other groups had no obvious phase of exponential growth. The cytotoxicity of 1 × 10-6 group was classified as level 1, 2 × 10-6 group as level 2, 3 × 10-6 group as level 3, 4 × 10-6 group as level 3-4, 5 × 10-6 group and 10 × 10-6 group as level 4. Conclusion PAA of 1 × 10-6 had no obvious cytotoxicity. The residual l imit of PAA less than 1 × 10-6 was recommended.
Chemotherapy-induced mucositis, one of the most common complications of chemotherapy, can be subdivided in oral and gastrointestinal mucositis. The patients always suffer from oral pain and ulcers, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. 5-Fluorouracil- and irinotecan-based regimens are frequently associated with a higher risk and more severe grade of mucositis. The onset of mucositis is also influenced by the patient’s characteristics including age, sex, genetic polymorphisms, systemic comorbidities. At present, the diagnosis of chemotherapy-induced mucositis is mainly based on medical history, physical examination and gastroenteroscopy, lack of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis. The principles of diagnosis and treatment mainly refer to the clinical practice guidelines issued. Therefore, this article will review the mechanism, diagnosis, latest preventive and treatment strategies of chemotherapy-induced mucositis for helping clinicians to further correctly understand and deal with the adverse reactions.
ObjectiveTo observe the effect of epinephrine in intraocular irrigation solution on retinal vascular caliber and macular thickness. MethodsA prospective control study. 32 eyes of 32 patients with macular hole who underwent vitrectomy were enrolled in this study. The patients including 14 males (14 eyes) and 27 females (18 eyes), with the average age of (64.0±4.5)years. Uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus color photography and optical coherence tomography were performed in all patients. Retinal vascular caliber located in 0.5-1.0 disc diameter from optic disk was measured from digital fundus photographs and summarized as central retinal artery (CRAE) and vein (CRVE) equivalents in all eyes at baseline and at the 1 month, 3 months follow-up visit. The macular thickness is the distance from retinal interface of inner plexiform layer to retinal pigment epithelium layer. The macula was divided into inner ring ( < 3 mm) and outer ring (3-6 mm) according to the distance from the fovea. The patients were divided into experiment group (include epinephrine in intraocular irrigation solution, 1:1000) and control group (without epinephrine in intraocular irrigation solution), 16 eyes in each group. The difference of CRAE and CRVE between two groups was not significant (P > 0.05). The difference of macular thickness between inner ring and outer ring was not significant (P > 0.05). The average follow-up was 3.5 months. CRAE, CRVE and macular thickness in inner ring and outer ring before and 1 month, 3 months after surgery were comparatively analyzed. ResultsThe differences of CRAE and CRVE before and 1, 3 months after surgery both in experiment group (tCRAE=0.322, 0.148; tCRVE=0.317, 0.005) and control group (tCRAE=0.226, 0.137; tCRVE=0.284, 0.151) were not significant (P > 0.05). The differences of CRAE (t=0.624, 0.424) and CRVE (t=0.015, 0.041) between experiment group and control group also were not significant (P > 0.05). The differences of macular thickness in inner ring and outer ring before and 1, 3 months after surgery both in experiment group (tinner=0.322, 0.148;touter=0.317, 0.005) and control group (tinner=0.226, 0.137;touter=0.284, 0.151) were not significant (P > 0.05). The differences of macular thickness in inner ring (t=1.568, 0.373) and outer ring (t=-1.697, 0.536) between experiment group and control group also were not significant (P > 0.05). ConclusionEpinephrine (1:1000) in intraocular irrigation solution has no effect on retinal vascular caliber and macular thickness in patients with macular hole.
Objective To study the differential expression profiling of the transcripts modified by m5C methylation in a rat model of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal excitotoxicity. MethodsA total of 65 Sprague Dawley male rats aged 7-8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group and NMDA group. The right eye (model eye) of rats in the NMDA group were injected with 50.0 mmol/L of NMDA 3 μl in the vitreous cavity, while in the normal control group, equal volume of normal saline was injected into the vitreous cavity. After 1 week of the injection, the optic nerve conduction function of rats was detected by visual evoked potential. The whole structure of rat retina was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the thickness of each retinal layer and the number of retinal ganglion cell layer were detected. The number of β3 tubulin immunofluorescence positive cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining on retinal stretched preparation. Total RNA was extracted from the retinas of normal control group and NMDA group, and high-throughput m5C modified RNA was sequenced, and bioinformatics analysis was performed. The relative expression levels of SLFN3, PLXNB3, CD36 and HIC2 mRNA in retina were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The comparison between the two groups was performed using an unpaired t test. ResultsThe P1 latency of control group and NMDA group were (117.86±6.48) and (148.46±3.78) ms, and the amplitudes were (42.57±2.41) and (8.68±0.63) μV, respectively. Compared with the normal control group, the latency period was prolonged and the amplitude was significantly decreased in the NMDA group, with statistical significance (P＜0.001). In normal control group, retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were uniformly arranged with large round nuclei. In NMDA group, the volume of retinal RGC was atrophied and the number of RGC was reduced. The total retinal thickness in the control group and NMDA group was (207.51±12.76) μm and (187.51±12.54) μm, respectively. The number of β3 tubulin positive cells was 79.86±6.56 and 29.36±2.16, respectively. Compared with normal control group, the total retinal thickness and the number of β3 tubulin positive cells in NMDA group were decreased, with statistical significance (P＜0.001). Compared with the control group, 576 differentially expressed m5C mRNA were screened in the NMDA group, among which 230 up-regulated and 346 down-regulated genes were detected, respectively. The results of biological information analysis showed that compared with the control group, the upregulated m5C mRNA in the NMDA group was mainly involved in biological processes such as perception and cell-cell adhesion, and was mainly concentrated in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and neural active ligand-receptor interaction pathway. The biological processes in which down-regulated m5C mRNA was mainly involved in biological processes such as G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and cell communication, which were mainly concentrated in primary immune deficiency pathway and neural active ligand-receptor interaction pathway. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection results showed that compared with the normal control group, the relative expression levels of SLFN3 and PLXNB3 mRNA in the retina of rats in NMDA group were significantly increased, while the relative expression levels of CD36 and HIC2 mRNA were significantly decreased, with statistical significance (P＜0.05). ConclusionIn NMDA induced retinal excitatory toxicity rat models, m5C modified retinal transcriptome showed abnormal expression.