ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of different temperatures of distilled water on the general sensation of patients during endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) examination. MethodsSixty patients who received EUS examination were randomly assigned to trial group and control group. The trial group used (40±1) ℃ distilled water, while the control group accepted 26-28℃ distilled water. The operating time and the grade of discomfort symptoms such as general discomfort, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and terror were observed. ResultsSignificant differences in general discomfort, nausea, vomiting and terror were found between the two groups (P ＜ 0.001) . Abdominal pain was not found in either group. The examination time in each group did not show any significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) . ConclusionDifferent distilled water temperatures significantly influence the sensation of patients during the EUS examination, and distilled water with a temperature of (40±1) ℃ is able to relieve the discomfort of patients.
Purpose To verify the effectiveness of combined B-scan ultrasonoscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)imagings in diagnosis of retinal detachments. Methods To contrast the manifestations in vitrectomy operations with the findings of preoperative combined B-scan ultrasonic and UBM examinations in 25 eyes of 25 cases in which 18 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and 7 eyes with traumatic retinal detachment were included. Results B-scan ultrasonic imagings were divided into four types: type C,type V,type upsilon; and type gamma;,which included 6 eyes,2 eyes,4 eyes and 11 eyes respectively,and from type C to type gamma;,the retinal detachments manifested themselves from simple posterior segment proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)to both anterior and posterior PVR.The imagings of UBM were divided into 3 types:shallow retinal detachment,retinal circumferential contraction and retinal anterior displacement,which reflected the degree of anterior PVR from lightness to severeness. Conclusions The technique of combined B-scan ultrasonoscopy and UBM can be used to access the severity of the retinal detachments,hence would be beneficial in diagnosing anterior and posterior PVR,designing the surgical precedures and assessing the prognosis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:16-20)
Objective To explore the value of color Doppler ultrasonography and plasma D-dimer in diagnosis of lower limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT).Methods The clinical data of 70 cases of patients with lower limb DVT diagnosed clinically were retrospectively studied. The lower limb venous of each patient was examined by color Doppler ultrasonography and the plasma level of D-dimer were measured, furthermore the plasma levels of D-dimer in different phase and different type of thrombosis were compared. Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of plasma D-dimer and ultrasonography examination in lower limb DVT were 100%, 66.7%, 97.0%, 100%, and 97.1%, and 98.4%, 83.3%, 98.4%, 83.3%, and 97.1%, respectively. The plasma D-dimer in acute phase 〔(6 451±4 012.22) μg/L〕 and subacute phase 〔(2 063±1831.35) μg/L〕 of lower limb venous thrombosis were significantly higher than that in normal control group 〔(310±66.70) μg/L〕, Plt;0.01 and Plt;0.05, which was not different from that in chronic phase 〔(466±350.52) μg/L〕. Meanwhile, the plasma D-dimer in mixed limb venous thrombosis group 〔(4 464±3 753.16) μg/L〕 and central limb venous thrombosis group 〔(2 149±1 911.53) μg/L〕 were significantly higher than that in control group (Plt;0.05 and Plt;0.01), which was not different from that in peripheral limb venous thrombosis group 〔(560±315.62) μg/L〕. Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasonography is an optimal method and the plasma D-dimer is a predictive index in diagnosis of lower limb DVT.
A case of a 4-month-old child with an aortopulmonary fenestration weighing 6.6 kg who underwent successful transthoracic minimally invasive occlusion in our hospital was reported in this article. The child was transferred from the intensive care unit (ICU) to the general ward 1 day after surgery and discharged 5 days later. Compared with conventional ligation or repair of extracorporeal circulation for the aortopulmonary fenestration, the transthoracic minimally invasive occlusion is characterized by less trauma and faster recovery. However, it requires strict surgical indications and is not suitable for all patients with aortopulmonary fenestration.
Objective To investigate the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in the examination of perforating veins of the lower extremities by comparing with X-ray antegrade venography. Methods Fifty-three patients (60 lower extremities) clinically diagnosed with varicosis of the great saphenous vein from January 2014 to March 2016 were selected for color Doppler ultrasonography and X-ray antegrade venography. The results were compared and confirmed by surgery. Results Forty-seven lower extremities were diagnosed with perforating venous valve insufficiency by color Doppler ultrasonography, while 50 lower extremities by X-ray antegrade venography. There was no significant difference between the two methods (χ2=0.800, P=0.371). A total of 78 perforating veins were detected by color Doppler ultrasonography, with 1–4 perforating veins per one lower extremity. Among them, 66 perforating veins had an internal diameter of 2–5 mm, accounting for 84.6%. Except two perforating veins with an internal diameter <2 mm, the rest showed reflux. In addition, a total of 73 perforating veins presented distance to the pelma of 10–32 mm (foot-boot), accounting for 93.6%. Fifty-two lower extremities with varicosis of the great saphenous vein underwent laser ablation of the great saphenous vein with high ligation or + devascularization of perforating veins. Compared with operation findings, color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis of perforating venous valve insufficiency had 37 true positives, 2 false positives, 10 true negatives and 3 false negatives, and the sensitivity was 92.5% (37/40), the specificity was 83.3% (10/12), the accuracy rate was 90.4% (47/52). Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasonography can accurately localize perforating veins, measure the internal diameter and observe the degree of reflux. It is of high sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of perforating venous valve insufficiency. Moreover, it is safe, simple and economical, and suitable for preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis and localization.
Objective To explore the characteristics and diagnostic values of ultrasound examination of retinoblastoma (RB).Methods The ultrasound and CT features of 210 eyes (162 patients) with pathologically confirmed RB were analyzed retrospectively. Results The ultrasonography image of those RB eyes were all characterized by substantial masses in the posterior segment of the eyeball, shown as spherical, hemispherical and irregular in shape, and even filled the entire eyeball. Calcification within the mass was observed in 197 eyes of 149 patients (92.0%), but not observed in 13 eyes of 13 patients (8.0%).Colorful blood flow signals extended from the central retinal vessels could be seen inside the masses of all patients. Ultrasound diagnosis was consistent with the pathological diagnosis in 92.0% RB cases. CT examination revealed calcified speckles or plaques in 167 eyes from 145 patients (89.5%), consistent with the pathological diagnosis of RB.Conclusions Ultrasonography can show the tumorprime;s shape, size, internal features and the range of orbital involvement. It is a valuable clinical tool in the diagnosis of RB.
ObjectiveTo observe the morphologic characteristics of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and blood stream in patients with retinopathy of prematurity, and provide the new clinical diagnostic gist.MethodsCDFI was performed on 78 patients (156 eyes) with ROP at Ⅳ and Ⅴ stage, who had the diseases history such as prematurity and low birthweight which had been diagnosed by indirect ophthalmoscope, underwent the examination of CDFI. Morphologic characteristics of the results of CDFI and features of blood flow of the pathological changes were observed. ResultsIn the patients with ROP at the Ⅳ stage, a weak zonal echo originated from one side of peripheral wall of eye ball in the vitreous body, and extended to the echo of post pole and wall of eye ball and joined the echo of optic disc. In the patients with ROP at the V stage, lumplike echo connected closely with echo of lens and the circumambience was surrounded; the focus looked like lotus when combined with retinal detachment: the swelled “corona” wrapped and tightly connected with the lens, and the thin “caulis” showed weak zonal echo which attached to the optic disc. The features of blood flow showed the signal of blood stream connected with central retinal artery at the “caulis”, which was analyzed by Doppler spectrum as the bloodflow spectrum of artery and vein in the same direction which was the same as the central retinal artery and vein.ConclusionsIn patients with ROP at the IV and V stage, the results of CDFI mainly shows zonal or lumplike echo, in which the bloodflow signal extended with central retinal artery could be seen. The morphological changes of CDFI and the features of blood flow are useful in diagnosis of ROP. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:282-284)
Objective To explore the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided percutaneous Herbert screw for the treatment of fresh nondisplaced carpal scaphoid fracture. Methods Between May 2013 and August 2015, 15 patients with fresh nondisplaced carpal scaphoid fractures (Krimmer type A2) were treated with ultrasound-guided Herbert screw fixation. There were 12 males and 3 females with an average age of 33.4 years (range, 18-51 years). The causes of injury included 9 cases of falls, 3 cases of training injuries, and 3 cases of machine injuries. The interval from injury to surgery was 2-15 days (mean, 5 days). No other complication was found. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, and the fracture healing time were recorded. The wrist function was assessed by the modified Mayo wrist score standard. Results The operation time was 28-53 minutes (mean, 33.9 minutes); the intraoperative blood loss was 5-30 mL (mean, 10.5 mL); the intraoperative fluoroscopy was 2-6 times (mean, 2.6 times). All 15 patients were followed up 6-18 months (mean, 10.5 months). One patient developed pain and soreness in the skin of the nail entrance, and gradually relieved after fumigation. No complication such as infection occurred. All fractures healed clinically, and the healing time was 8-16 weeks (mean, 11.6 weeks). At last follow-up, the modified Mayo wrist score was 76-99 (mean, 92.5). Among them, 12 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good, and 1 case was fair, and the excellent and good rate was 93.3%. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided fixation with Herbert screw is a reliable treatment method for fresh nondisplaced carpal scaphoid fractures with small invasion, less bleeding, and small radiation damage.
Objective To investigate the changes of ocular hemodynamics in patients with retinal vein occlussion(RVO)． Methods The hemodynamic parameters(PSV,EDV,PI,Vmax)of central retinal artery(CRA)and central retinal vein(CRV)were measured in the involved eyes(n=48) with RVO and the contralateral clinically healthy eyes(n=39) and in the control eyes(n=40) by color Doppler imaging (CDI)(ATLHDI3000). Results Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) were significantly lower in the CRA of involved eyes and clinically healthy eyes of patients with RVO compared with control eyes,and pulsatility index(PI)was significantly higher in the CRA of involved eyes of patients with RVO compared with control eyes．PSV were significantly lower in the CRA of involved eyes of patients with RVO compared with their clinically healthy eyes．Pulsatility index(PI)was significantly higher in the CRA of involved eyes of patients with RVO compared with their clinically healthy eyes．Maximun vein velocity (Vmax) was significantly lower in the CRV of involved eyes and clinically healthy eyes of patients with RVO compared with control eyes． Conclusion The changes of hemodynamics in CRA,CRV of involved eyes of patients with RVO may invade their clinically healthy eyes．CDI may be helpful to early diagnosis for RVO． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:111-113)