ObjectiveTo summarize the influence of dietary factors on the risk of pancreatic cancer and its possible mechanism. MethodThe literatures relevant to studies of the influence of dietary factors on the risk of pancreatic cancer were collected and reviewed. ResultsThe total intakes of carbohydrate, fatty acid, protein, and vitamin affected the risk of pancreatic cancer, and the different substances belonging to the same nutrients had different effects on the risk of pancreatic cancer. In addition to nutrients, the popular beverages and different dietary patterns in recent years also affected the risk of pancreatic cancer through certain mechanisms. ConclusionDietary factors can affect risk of pancreatic cancer through a variety of mechanisms, and it might decrease risk of pancreatic cancer by intervening in dietary factors in daily life for healthy people.
Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of RNA interference (RNAi) expression vector on the expression of survivin in pancreatic cancer cell PANC-1. Methods The protein and mRNA expressions of survivin were examined with immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. The survivin gene was cloned into the T-vector and sequenced. The RNAi expression vectors targeting survivin, named si-svv-1 and si-svv-2 respectively according to whether they harbored a mutation or no mutation, were constructed and transfected into PANC-1 cells with liposome. The expression of survivin mRNA was detected with RT-PCR. Apoptosis of PANC-1 cells was analyzed with DNA ladder and FACS. Results There was a high degree expression of survivin in PANC-1 cells. The expression of survivin was not inhibited by RNAi expression vectors si-svv-1, but inhibited about (72.43±8.04)% by si-svv-2 and the apoptosis rate of PANC-1 cells increased to （12.36±1.44）% after 72 h. Conclusion The RNAi expression vector can effectively inhibit the expression of survivin in pancreatic cancer cell PANC-1 cells and induce the apoptosis in PANC-1 cells.
To study the mechanism of p16,Cyclin D1 and CDK4 and their relationship with pancreatic carcinoma, their expressions were examined by immunchistochemistry methods. Results: overpression of Cyclin D1 and CDK4 was revealed in these samples and p16 was undertectable. There was a negitive correlation between p16 and Cyclin D1 (Ｐ＜0.05), and a positive relation between Cyclin D1 and CDK4 (Ｐ＜0.05). The results indicate that abnormality of p16, Cyclin D1 and CDK4 may be involved in the molecular mechanism of pancreatic carcinoma, p16 lower expression and Cyclin D1 over expression may coexit in the development of pancreatic carcinoma.
Objective To search for the significant gene indicators in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Literatures about genetic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were collected and reviewed. Results K-ras, p53, DPC4 and telomerase genes were considered to play important roles in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Detection of the genes related to pancreatic cancer may be of helpful in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
ObjectivesTo investigate the diagnostic value of different diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) models between two Gaussian DWI models including mono-exponential and bi-exponential, and the non-Gaussian kurtosis model in poorly differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.MethodsSubjects comprised 52 patients with poorly differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma which had been confirmed by surgery. All patients underwent DWI (1.5T, multi-b values: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 500, 800, 1000, 1 500, 2 000s/mm2). Mean values of DWI-derived metrics ADCstandard, ADCslow, ADCfast, f, MD, MK and ADCstandard were calculated from regions of interest in all tumours and non-tumorous parenchyma and compared. ANOVA and Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the MRI paremeters. ROC was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency.ResultsMean ADCstandard, ADCfast, f and MK values showed significant differences between tumours and non-tumorous parenchyma (P<0.05). AUC for ADCstandard, MD, ADCfast and f were 0.705, 0.665, 0.648, 0.614, respectively. The ROC curve integrated with ADCstandard and MD had better diagnostic efficiency (AUC was about 0.754).ConclusionsADCstandard, ADCfast, f and MK values can differentiate tumours from non-tumorous parenchyma. The combination of Gaussion distribution model and non-Gaussion distribution model has the potential to increase the diagnostic accuracy of DWI in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive value of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) for postoperative overall and severe complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in the elderly patients with pancreatic cancer. MethodsThe clinical data of the elderly (65 years old or more) patients with pancreatic cancer underwent PD were retrospectively collected, who were admitted to the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2017 to October 2021. The incidences of postoperative overall and severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ–Ⅴ was defined as severe complications) were summarized. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze whether GNRI was a risk factor for overall and severe complications after PD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the ability of GNRI to distinguish whether overall or severe complications occurred after PD and to confirm the optimal threshold. Then the patients were assigned into a high nutritional risk group (greater than the optimal threshold) and low nutritional risk group (the optimal threshold or less) based on this. Simultaneously, the clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. ResultsIn this study, 190 elderly patients with pancreatic cancer were enrolled, 95(50.0%) of whom developed complications, including 28(29.5%) cases of serious complications. The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that the decreased GNRI was a risk factor for the occurrence of overall and severe complications after PD for the elderly patients [OR(95%CI)=0.361(0.154, 0.848), P=0.019; OR(95%CI)=0.906(0.834, 0.983), P=0.018]. The AUC of GNRI for assessing the occurrence of overall and severe complications was 0.765 and 0.715, respectively, with the optimal critical values of 98 and 96, respectively. Compared with the low nutritional risk group, the high nutritional risk group had higher postoperative total hospitalization costs (Z=–2.37, P=0.019), higher occurrences of overall complications (χ2=44.61, P<0.001) and severe complications (χ2=29.39, P＜0.001). ConclusionsIn elderly patients with pancreatic cancer underwent PD, incidence of serious complications is not lower. GNRI has a good discriminative value in terms of postoperative overall and severe complications. When preoperative GNRI is 98 or less and GNRI is 96 or less, patients should be given early preoperative nutritional support treatment in time.
ObjectiveTo find out an effective method for amplification and purification of dendritic cells(DC) from peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic carcinoma. MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were purified from peripheral blood of health volunteers(control group,10 cases) and patients with pancreatic carcinoma (experimental group,12 cases) with incubation of granulocyte/macrophage colonystimulating factor(GMCSF) and interleukin4(IL4).The quality of DC were detected by immumofluorescence method and the expression levels of HLADR and B72 on DC were detected by flow cytometer after and before DC incubation with GMCSF and the IL4. ResultsThe expression level of HLADR and B72 of DC in experimental group were significantly less than those in control group(P＜0.01).DC in experimental group was significantly proliferated in the presence of GMCSF and IL4(P＜0.01).On day 7,the expression level of HLADR and B72 of DC in experimental group were significantly increased(P＜0.01) and there was no difference versus control group(Pgt;0.05).ConclusionIt is suggested that combination of GMCSF and IL4 can selectively and effectively enhance proliferation and immune function of DC from peripheral blood of patient with pancreatic carcinoma.
Objective To evaluate the effect of regiono-perfusional chemotherapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and to seek the management of its complications. MethodsThirty-six patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma received selectively intra-arterial catheterization and perfused with 5-Fu, ADM, DDP. Results Six patients had complete response, 15 partial response, and one underwent radical resection subsequently. Cmplications occurred in 14 patients with 2 patients died of complications.Conclusion Regiono-perfusional chemotherapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is effective, but the complications can not be neglected.
ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of the treatment of unresectable late pancreatic cancer with laparoscopic choledochojejunostomy and gastric bypass. MethodsFrom June 2000 to December 2003, laparoscopic choledochojejunostomy and gastric bypass were successfully performed in 15 patients with unresectable late pancreatic cancer. Endoscopic nosobiliary drainage (ENBD) was performed before the operation. ResultsAll procedures were completed laparoscopically. Jaundice and hepatic function of the patients were obviously improved after the bypass. Oral nutrition was recovered after operation. The mean operative time was (100±26) min (range 70-200 min); the mean operative blood loss was (60±15) ml (range 30-120 ml); the bowel function recovery was on the 3rd-5th postoperative day; the average hospital stay was (8.1±0.7) days (range 6-13 days). Incision infection ocurred in one patient. No operative complications occurred in other patients. ConclusionTreatment of unresectable late carcinoma of the pancreas with laparoscopic choledochojejunostomy and gastric bypass aided by ENBD is a minimally invasive technique with less postoperative pain，shorter hospital stay, lower procedurerelated morbidity,and better oral nutrition. The life quality of patients with late pancreatic cancer can be obviously improved.
ObjectiveTo study the expression of lipid associated with neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in nude mice orthotopic pancreatic cancer tissues and the relationship between the occurred and development of pancreatic cancer. MethodsThe expressions of NGAL mRNA and protein of pancreatic cancer tissues and their adjacent tissues, and normal pancreatic tissues in nude mice were detected by using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods. ResultsThe expressions of NGAL mRNA in pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were significantly higher than that in normal pancreatic tissues (P < 0.05), and the expression of NGAL mRNA in pancreatic carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in para carcinoma tissues (P < 0.05). The strong positive expression rate of NGAL protein in pancreatic carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than thoes in para carcinoma tissues and normal pancreatic tissues (P < 0.05). ConclusionsNGAL is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues, and NGAL may be an important regulatory factor in the development of pancreatic cancer.