Recently, sponsored by the Science Popularization Department of the China Anti Cancer Association, jointly organized by the Rehabilitation Branch of the China Anti Cancer Association and the Mijian Digital Cancer Patient Course Management Platform, and co-organized by the Science Popularization Special Committee of the China Anti Cancer Association, The "2022 White Paper on the Quality of Life of Chinese Lung Cancer Patients" has been officially released (herein after referred to as the "White Paper"), which mainly elaborates on the basic situation of Chinese lung cancer patients and the medical, social, and economic impacts caused by the disease. This article interprets the White Paper in order to help the public understand the real situation of lung cancer patients and provide important empirical evidence and valuable insights for the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of lung cancer in China.
ObjectiveTo provide reference for the formulation of public health policies through exploring the disease burden of aortic aneurysm (AA) in Chinese young adults. MethodsWe analyzed sex-specific mortality rates and years of life lost (YLLs) among Chinese young adults with AA in Global Burden of Disease (GBD) from 1990 to 2019, and compared with global and young adult AA data stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI). Joinpoint was used to analyze the time trend of AA burden among young males and females in China. The attributable risk factors for AA burden in young adults and its characteristics were analyzed. ResultsAmong young adults (15-39 years old) in China, the total of AA deaths in 2019 was 657 (95%UI 549-791), with an increase of 16.90% compared with 1990. The mortality rate in 2019 was 0.13 per 100 000 (95%UI 0.11-0.16), with an increase of 30.00% compared with 1990. In 2019, a total of 36921 YLLs (95%UI 30 865-44 445) were produced by young adults in China, with an increase of 13.21% compared with 1990. The YLLs rate in 2019 was 7.42 per 100 000 (95%UI 6.20-8.93), with an increase of 24.92% compared with 1990. The male YLLs rate was 11.49 per 100 000 (95%UI 9.22-14.28), with an increase of 35.18%. The female YLLs rate was 3.11 per 100 000 (95%UI 2.36-3.98), with a decrease of 3.12%. Both the AA mortality rate and YLLs rate in male young adults were higher than those in female young adults, and the growth rate from 1990 to 2019 was significantly higher than that in females. ConclusionThe disease burden of AA among young adults in China increases significantly from 1990 to 2019, mainly among males. The time trend of male and female AA YLLs in Chinese young adults is obviously inconsistent. The AA YLLs of Chinese male young adults are positively correlated with economic development and the progress of medical technology, and are in the process of gradual increase. The AA YLLs of Chinese female young adults are much lower than the average level, which is closely related to the low smoking rate.
ObjectiveTo analyze the disease burden and evolving trends for gastric cancer in China and worldwide from 1990 to 2021. MethodsBased on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, we analyzed the burden of gastric cancer using indicators such as incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lost due to disability (YLDs). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of these indicators to show trends over time. ResultsIn 2021, the standardized incidence rate of gastric cancer was 14.33 (per 100 000) worldwide and 29.05 (per 100 000) in China, with corresponding standardized mortality rates of 11.20 (per 100 000) and 21.51 (per 100 000). The standardized incidence rate of gastric cancer in China trended downward during 1990–2021 (AAPC=–1.61%, P<0.05), but was lower than the global decline (AAPC=–1.77%, P<0.05). During 1990-2021 in China, the rates of standardized DALYs (AAPC=–2.76%, P<0.05), standardized YLLs (AAPC=–2.78%, P<0.05) and standardized YLDs (AAPC= –1.25%, P<0.05) all showed a significant decrease. The global rates of standardized DALYs (AAPC=–2.42%, P<0.05), standardized YLLs (AAPC=–2.44%, P<0.05) and standardized YLDs (AAPC=–1.56%, P<0.05) all showed a significant decrease. These AAPC values above indicated a general attenuation in the gastric cancer burden across all age groups, both in China and worldwide. ConclusionsDespite these signs of a decline in disease burden indicators for gastric cancer in China and worldwide, the number of cases and deaths in gastric cancer remains substantial coupled with the heavy burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, increased efforts in early detection and prevention strategies are of utmost importance to further reduce the impact of this malignant disease.
ObjectiveTo analyze and compare the disease burden, trends, and influencing factors of lung cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer in China. MethodsIn GBD2021, indicators of lung cancer disease burden in different genders and age groups in 204 countries or regions from 1990 to 2021 were retrieved and standardized. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the standardized rates of lung cancer in AYAs in China and globally from 1990 to 2021; changes in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates due to population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes were analyzed; differences in lung cancer disease burden in AYAs in different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions were analyzed; and the influencing factors of lung cancer in AYAs in China and globally were explored. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) (AAPC=−0.2%, P<0.001), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) (AAPC=−0.6%, P<0.001), and age-standardized DALYs rate (AAPC=−0.6%, P<0.001) of lung cancer in AYAs in China showed a downward trend, consistent with the global trend, but the decline in China was relatively small. During this period, the age-standardized rates of various indicators of lung cancer in males in China and globally were higher than those in females, and the burden of lung cancer in Chinese males was heavier. However, due to the significant downward trend in males, the gap in lung cancer burden between males and females is narrowing. At the same time, from 2013 to 2021, the ASIR (annual percent change [APC]=2.01%, P<0.001), ASMR (APC = 1.46%, P<0.001), and standardized DALYs rate (APC=1.46%, P<0.001) in China showed an upward trend. From 1990 to 2021, aging was the main factor for the increase in incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates of lung cancer in AYAs in China, while the increase in global indicators was mainly attributed to population growth. The global burden of lung cancer in AYAs was overly concentrated in high SDI regions. Although the gap in lung cancer burden between high SDI and low SDI countries was narrowing, it still. Globally, smoking, environmental PM2.5, insufficient fruit intake, secondhand smoke, and indoor air pollution have always been prominent risk factors. ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2021, the global and Chinese AYAs lung cancer incidence and mortality rates generally showed a downward trend, but the female lung cancer burden relatively increased, especially in young women without a history of smoking. Continued efforts are needed to reduce the burden of lung cancer in AYAs, especially the specific risk for young women.
Objective To integrate and analyze the disease burden of esophageal cancer caused by alcohol consumption in China from 1990 to 2019, along with the differences between genders, and predict the trends in disease burden changes from 2020 to 2029 to improve prevention and treatment strategies. Methods The disease burden of esophageal cancer caused by alcohol consumption in China from 1990 to 2019 was extracted and integrated from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, and the corresponding trend was analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model with Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software. The gray prediction model [GM (1, 1) ] was used to forecast the disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China from 2020 to 2029. Results In 2019, the leading causes of esophageal cancer in China were tobacco, alcohol, high body mass index, and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, accounting for the first to fifth positions in esophageal cancer deaths. From a gender perspective, in 2019, the death number and standardized mortality rate for males were 18.97 times and 20.00 times higher than for females, respectively. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and standardized DALYs rate for males were 33.08 times and 24.78 times higher than those for females, respectively, indicating a heavier disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer among Chinese males. From 1990 to 2019, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in deaths and DALYs due to alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China was 2.08% and 1.63%, respectively, showing a continuous upward trend with statistical significance (P<0.05). The AAPC values for standardized mortality rate and standardized DALYs rate from 1990 to 2019 were –0.92% and –1.23%, respectively, showing a continuous downward trend with statistical significance (P<0.05). The population aged ≥55 years was the main group bearing the disease burden among all age groups from 1990 to 2019. The gray prediction model predicted that by 2029, the overall standardized mortality rate and standardized DALYs rate would decrease to 2.94/100 000and 67.94/100 000, with a greater decline in females than in males. Conclusion Over the past 30 years, the disease burden of alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China has slightly decreased. However, the reduction in disease burden is still lower compared to the overall decline in esophageal cancer burden, and the disease burden for males is significantly higher than for females. Focusing on prevention and treatment for males and the elderly population remains a major issue in addressing alcohol-related esophageal cancer in China.